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How  to  Become  a  Citizen 

OF  THE 

United  States  of  America. 


Wie  werde  ich  Burger 

•  ••OCT*** 

Vereinigten  Staaten  von  Amerika? 


In  English   and   German, 


Copyricht  1911,  by  CHARLES  KALLMEYER. 

All  rights  of  translation  reserved. 
Nachdruck  verboten.         Uebersetzungsrecht  vorbehalten. 


FIFTH   EDITION 
1913 

ReTi^e4  aii<<  1£ulargrc4; 


Published  by 

Charles  Kallmeyer  Publishing  Company 

205  East  45th  Street,  NEW  YORK 


PRICE,  ONE  DOLLAR 


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1^^;^ 


Copyright,    191 1 

by 

CHARLES    KALLMEYER 


Copyright,    19 13 

by 

CHARLES    KALLMEYER 


n 

i 

:«  CONTENTS. 

The  Oath  of  Allegiance 6 

Preface    7 

TITLE  I. 

Qualifications  Necessary  to  Become  a  Citizen  of  the  United 

States. 

Chapter  I. 
A  Summary  of  the  Conditions  and  Qualifications  Necessary 

to  Obtain  Citizenship  of  the  United  States 9 

Citizenship  a  Matter  of  Right 9 

Males,  Unmarried  Females  or  Widows 9 

Minors  and  Status  of  Children  bom  within  or  without  the 

Jurisdiction  of  the  United  States 10 

Status  of  Married  Women 11 

Who  may  become  Citizens  of  the  United  States 12 

Free  White  Persons  and  Aliens  of  African  Descent 12 

Chinese    12 

Alien  Soldiers  12 

Honorably  Discharged  Aliens  From  United  States  Navy  and 

Members  of  the  Marine  Corps 12 

Alien  Seamen  of  United  States  Merchant  Vessels 12 

Inhabitants  of  Organized  Territories  of  the  United  States  and 

Their  Status   13 

Alien  Enemies — Naturalization  Prohibited 13 

Change  of  Name 13 

Chapter  II. 

In  What  Courts  to  Apply 13 

United  States  Courts 14 

State  Courts  14 

Application  to  State  Courts. 14 

Costs  and  Fees 14 

261209 


4   .".  ::/:.•,«-*;  .*  *•  *    •  •*•'    Q-ontents 


Duplicate  Papers  for  Papers  Lost 14 

The  Right  to  Vote 15 

Status  of  Naturalized  Citizens  who  have  Taken  up  Their 

Residence  Abroad 15 

Status  of  Citizens  Residing  Abroad  after  Naturalization 15 

Chapter  III. 

Penalties 16 

Penalties  for  Forging  Certificate,  etc 16 

Penalties  for  Unlawfully  Engraving  Any  Plate  in  the  Likeness 

of  a  Certificate  of  Citizenship 16 

Penalties  for  Naturalization  Unlawfully  Obtained 17 

TITLE  11. 

Procedure  for   Obtaining   Citizenship. 

Chapter  IV. 

How  to  Obtain  the  "First  Paper" 18 

Chapter  V. 
How  to  Obtain  the  "Second  Paper"  or  Final  Certificate  of 

Naturalization 19 

Witnesses 20 

Certificate  of  Commissioner  of  Immigration 20 

Ninety  Days  to  Elapse  Before  Granting  of  Final  Certificate. .  20 

Chapter  VI. 
Valuable  Information  21 

TITLE  III. 

Questions  and  Answers. 

Chapter  VIL 

Questions  Asked  on  Application  for  "First  Paper" 23 

Chapter  VIII. 
Questions  Asked  on  First  Application  for  "Second"  or  "Final 
Paper"    24 


CONTENTS  5 

Chapter  IX. 
Questions  for  Applicant  and  Witnesses a6 

Chapter  X. 

Questions  Asked  by  the  Courts  with  the  Answers  thereto  at 
the  Final  Hearing: 

On  Constitution  of  the  United  States 28 

On  Congress  (Legislative  Branch  of  Government) 30 

On  President,  etc.  (Executive  Branch  of  Government) . .   31 
On   United   States   Supreme   Court    (Judicial    Branch   of 

Government)    33 

On  State  Laws 34 

TITLE  IV. 

Declaration  of  Independence,  Constitution  and  Naturalization 

Laws. 

Chapter  XI. 
The  Declaration  of  Independence 36 

Chapter  XII. 
Constitution  of  the  United  States 41 

Chapter  XIII. 
Naturalization  Laws  and  Regulations 62 

Chapter  XIV. 

Naturalization  Act  of  June  29,  1906 66 

Forms 81-85 

Expatriation  of  Citizens  and  Their  Protection  Abroad ^y 

TITLE    V. 

Passports. 

Rules  Governing  the  Granting  and  Issuing  of  Passports 
in  the  United  States 89-93 


THE  OATH  OF  ALLEGIANCE  TO  THE  UNITED 

STATES. 

I  do  solemnly  declare  on  oath  in  open  Court  that  I  will 
support  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  that  I  abso- 
lutely and  entirely  renounce  and  abjure  all  allegiance  and 
fidelity  to  any  foreign  prince,  potentate,  state  or  sovereignty 
and  particularly  to  the  (sovereign  of  which  I  am  a  subject) 
and  that  I  will  support  and  defend  the  Constitution  and  laws 
of  the  United  States  against  all  enemies  foreign  and  domestic 
and  bear  true  faith  and  allegiance  to  the  same:  So  Help  me 
God 


PREFACE. 

The  title  of  this  treatise  indicates,  to  some  degree  at  least, 
its  purpose  and  character;  but  it  is  thought  that  a  few  ob- 
servations respecting  the  institutions  and  government  under 
which  we  live,  and  with  which  not  only  every  prospective 
citizen,  but  every  citizen  whether  native-born  or  naturalized, 
should  be  familiar,  may  make  the  book  more  useful. 

Every  civilized  State  has  its  sovereign  power.  In  the  Old- 
World  kingdoms  the  monarch  is  the  sovereign,  but  in  the 
United  States  of  America  the  people  is  the  sovereign,  and  the 
law  for  the  government  of  the  people  is  the  expressed  word 
and  utterance  of  the  people.  All  sovereign  power,  that  is,  the 
power  to  govern  and  to  make  laws  for  that  purpose,  resides 
in  the  people,  and  if  a  law  is  not  wise  and  good  the  people, 
through  elected  representatives,  may  revoke  it.  Hence,  every 
citizen  being  in  this  sense  a  part  of  the  law-making  power  in 
this  country,  it  becomes  the  earnest  duty  of  every  one,  as  a 
unit  of  the  whole  people,  to  understand  the  character  of  our 
government  and  the  principles  upon  which  it  is  based. 

It  is  the  duty  of  every  immigrant  intending  to  reside  per- 
manently in  the  United  States  to  acquire  citizenship,  for  not 
until  then  is  he  really  a  member  of  his  adopted  country.  But 
the  number  of  those  who  neglect  to  do  so,  either  through 
lack  of  knowledge  of  the  privileges  and  rights  enjoyed  by 
citizens,  through  indifference,  or  for  some  other  reason,  is 
really  large.  The  alien  immigrant  who  fails  to  become  natu- 
ralized is  not  without  the  protection  of  our  laws,  but  he  does 
not  enjoy  the  same  rights  and  privileges  as  the  citizen.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  naturalized  citizen  stands  on  a  par  with 
and  enjoys  the  same  protection  under  our  laws — either  here 
or  abroad — as  the  native-born  citizen.  Often  important  mis- 
takes, leading  to  much  loss  of  time  and  trouble,  are  made  by 
persons  intending  to  become  citizens,  because  they  have  failed 
to  meet  in  some  essential  part  the  requirements  of  the  law 
relative  to  naturalization.     Furthermore,  there  seems  to  be 


8  PREFACE. 

no  treatise  extant  which  supplies  completely  and  within  the 
reach  of  everybody  the  information  and  knowledge  needed 
on  this  subject. 

All  these  things  together  seem  to  demand  that  proper  ef- 
forts should  be  made  to  supply  all  who  ask  for  it  with  a 
manual  of  practical  and  accurate  information  concerning  the 
requirements  of  our  naturalization  laws  and  in  some  degree 
the  rights  enjoyed  by  citizens  under  our  laws  and  the  duties 
imposed  upon  them.  It  is  believed  that  this  work  will  supply 
this  demand. 

The  book  has  been  divided  into  four  titles  or  parts.  Title 
I  treats  of  the  requirements  of  the  law  relative  to  the  quali- 
fications necessary  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States 
and  therein  of  males,  unmarried  females,  widows,  minors, 
etc.;  Title  II  shows  in  detail  the  procedure  to  be  followed 
and  the  formalities  to  be  complied  with  in  the  various  steps 
of  acquiring  citizenship;  Title  III  contains  a  complete  set  of 
all  the  questions  which  the  applicant  may  be  required  to 
answer  sufficient  to  meet  the  relative  facts  of  every  case; 
Title  IV  comprises  the  "Declaration  of  Independence,"  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  the  Naturalization 
Laws. 

The  work  has  been  so  arranged  and  the  meaning  so  ex- 
pressed that  every  part  of  it  will  be  intelligible  to  the  attentive 
reader.  A  thorough  study  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 
and  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  in  connection  with 
the  questions  and  answers  found  in  Title  III  should  place 
within  the  apprehension  and  understanding  of  every  intelli- 
gent reader  and  of  everyone  who  proposes  to  become  a  citizen 
of  this  country  a  knowledge  of  the  form  and  division  of  the 
government  by  and  under  which  the  people  of  the  United 
States  govern  themselves  and  enjoy  and  feel  secure  in  the 
blessings  of  life  and  liberty  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness. 

The  Author. 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 


TITLE    I. 

QUALIFICATIONS  NECESSARY  TO  BECOME  A  CITI- 
ZEN OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 

Chapter  I. 

A  Summary  of  the  Conditions  and  Qualifications  Necessary 
to  Obtain  Citizenship  of  the  United  States. 
Whenever  herein  the  colloquial  phrase  "First  Paper  or 
Papers"  is  employed,  it  is  synonymous  with  the  term  ''Declara- 
tion of  Intention"  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States. 
And  whenever  the  phrases  "Second  Paper"  or  "Full"  or 
"Final  Papers"  are  used,  they  are  synonymous  with  the  term 
"Final  Certificate  of  Citizenship." 

Citizenship  a  Matter  of  Right. 

Under  the  laws  of  the  United  States  an  alien  enjoys  the 
legal  right  to  be  admitted  to  citizenship,  provided  he  has  the 
necessary  qualifications,  performed  the  requisite  conditions 
and  follows  the  exact  procedure  prescribed  by  law. 

Conditions  and  Qualifications  for  Males,  Unmarried  Females 

or  Widows. 

Applicant  must  have  resided  continuously  within  the 
United  States  five  years  at  least  on  the  date  immediately  pre- 
ceding his  application,  and  at  least  one  year  within  the  State 
or  Territory  in  which  the  application  for  citizenship  is  made. 

That  during  this  time  he  has  behaved  as  a  man  of  good 
moral  character. 

That  he  is  attached  to  the  principles  of  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States. 

That  he  is  able  to  speak  English  at  the  time  of  his  appli- 
cation for  his  "Second  Paper,"  provided  he  is  not  physically 


10  now    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

unable  to  do  so — except  that  a  person  who  appHes  for  a  home- 
stead and  performs  the  conditions  of  the  Homestead  laws  need 
not  show  that  he  is  able  to  speak  English — and  except,  sec- 
ondly, a  person  who  had  his  First  Paper  before  the  28th  day 
of  September,  1906. 

That  the  applicant  is  not  an  anarchist  or  believes  in  or  is 
affiliated  with  any  organization  teaching  opposition  to  organ- 
ized government  or  one  who  advocates  or  teaches  the  duty 
of  unlawfully  assaulting  or  killing  any  officer  of  any  organized 
government  because  of  his  official  character. 

He  must  not  be  a  polygamist  or  believe  in  polygamy. 

He  must  renounce  any  hereditary  title  or  order  of  nobility. 

He  must  renounce  all  allegiance  and  fidelity  to  any  foreign 
potentate,  prince,  city  or  state  of  which  he  may  at  the  time 
of  filing  his  petition  be  a  citizen  or  subject. 

He  must  have  his  so-called  "First  Paper"  at  least  two  years 
— hut  not  more  than  seven  years — that  is  to  say :  He  must  make 
his  final  application  for  citizenship,  that  is  for  his  "Second 
Paper,"  before  seven  years  have  elapsed  from  the  date  of  his 
"First  Paper" — otherwise  the  "First  Paper"  becomes  null 
and  void. 

Exception:  But  a  person  who  had  received  his  "First 
Paper"  before  the  28th  day  of  September,  1906,  is  entitled  to 
his  "Second  Paper,"  though  at  the  time  of  his  application  there- 
for he  is  in  possession  of  his  "First  Paper"  more  than  seven 
years  and  though  he  is  not  able  to  speak  the  English  language. 

Conditions  for  Minors — Status  of  Children  Born  Within  or 
Without  the  Jurisdiction  of  the  United  States. 

Minors  are  all  persons  under  21  years  of  age. 

Formerly  a  minor  on  attaining  the  age  of  21  years  could 
be  naturalized  without  having  previously  obtained  his  "First 
Papers."     This  has  been  changed. 

An  alien  minor  on  attaining  the  age  of  18  years  may  take 
out  his  "First  Paper." 

However,  in  order  to  become  a  citizen,  he  must  have  his 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A     CITIZEN  II 

"First  Paper"  at  least  two  years,  he  must  be  21  years  of  age, 
and  he  must  have  resided  at  least  five  years  continuously 
within  the  United  States. 

But  children  who  were  under  21  years  of  age  at  the  time 
of  the  death  of  their  father,  who  had  taken  out  his  "First 
Paper'*  but  died  before  he  actually  became  a  citizen,  may  be 
naturalized  upon  the  "First  Paper"  of  the  father,  upon  such 
children  or  minors  attaining  the  age  of  21  years. 

In  case  a  father  dies  after  having  obtained  his  "First 
Paper,"  but  before  he  actually  becomes  a  citizen,  the  mother, 
as  long  as  she  remains  unmarried,  may  take  out  "Second 
Papers"  upon  the  "First  Paper"  taken  out  by  the  deceased 
father — and  all  the  children  who  were  under  21  years  of  age 
on  the  date  of  the  mother's  naturalization  will  thereby  become 
naturalized. 

The  children  of  immigrants  born  and  dwelling  within  the 
United  States  acquire  citizenship  as  a  matter  of  right  by 
virtue  of  being  born  within  the  United  States. 

The  children  of  immigrants  born  outside  the  United  States 
acquire  citizenship  through  the  naturalization  of  the  father 
before  such  children  attain  the  age  of  21  years — but  the  citi- 
zenship of  such  children  born  outside  the  United  States  does 
not  begin  until  they  actually  become  residents  of  the  United 
States. 

Children  of  citizens  born  out  of  the  limits  and  jurisdiction 
of  the  United  States  are  considered  citizens  of  the  United 
States. 

Status  of  Married  Women. 

A  married  woman  acquires  citizenship  through  the  natu- 
ralization of  her  husband,  though  she  herself  has  not  resided 
five  years  within  the  United  States — even  when  she  is  still  in 
a  foreign  country  at  the  time  of  her  husband's  naturalization 
within  the  United  States. 

Girls  and  widows,  whether  under  or  over  21  years  of  age, 
acquire  citizenship  as  a  matter  of  course  through  their  mar- 
riage to  citizens  of  the  United  States. 


12  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

WHO  MAY  BECOME  CITIZENS  OF  THE  UNITED 

STATES. 
Free  White  Persons  and  Aliens  of  African  Descent. 

All  aliens  being  free  white  persons  and  aliens  of  African 
nativity  and  persons  of  African  descent  may  become  citizens. 

Chinese. 
The  naturalization  of  Chinese  is  prohibited  by  the  laws  of 
the  United  States  of  America. 

Alien  Soldiers. 

An  alien  soldier  of  the  United  States  Army  of  good  moral 
character,  at  the  age  of  21  years,  shall  be  admitted  to  become 
a  citizen  of  the  United  States  after  one  year's  residence  within 
the  United  States  and  without  having  previously  obtained  his 
"First  Paper." 

Honorably  Discharged  Aliens  from  the  U.  S.  Navy  and  Mem- 
bers of  the  Marine  Corps. 

Any  alien  of  21  years  and  upward  who  has  served  or  may 
hereafter  serve  five  consecutive  years  in  the  United  States 
Navy  or  one  enlistment  in  the  United  States  Marine  Corps, 
and  has  been  honorably  discharged,  shall  be  admitted  to  become 
a  citizen  of  the  United  States  without  previously  having  taken 
out  his  "First  Paper." 

Alien  Seamen  of  United  States  Merchant  Vessels. 

Alien  Seamen  of  United  States  Merchant  Vessels  may 
become  citizens  after  three  years'  service.  Every  alien  sea- 
man who  has  taken  out  his  "First  Paper"  and  who  shall  have 
served,  subsequent  to  the  date  of  his  "First  Paper,"  three 
years  on  board  of  a  merchant  vessel  of  the  United  States,  shall 
be  admitted  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  upon  his  application 
for  citizenship  by  producing  the  following  papers : 

1.  His  certificate  of  discharge  and  good  conduct  during 
that  time. 

2.  His  "First  Paper." 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  1 3 

But  such  seaman  enjoys  all  the  protection  of  an  American 
citizen  immediately  after  obtaining  his  "First  Paper." 

Inhabitants  of  Organized  Territories  of  the  United  States  and 

Their  Status. 

That  all  the  applicable  provisions  of  the  naturalization 
laws  of  the  United  States  shall  apply  to  and  be  held  to  author- 
ize the  admission  to  citizenship  of  all  persons  not  citizens  who 
owe  permanent  allegiance  to  the  United  States,  and  who  may 
become  residents  of  any  State  or  organized  Territory  of  the 
United  States,  with  the  following  modifications :  The  applicant 
shall  not  be  required  to  renounce  allegiance  to  any  foreign 
sovereignty;  he  shall  make  his  declaration  of  intention  to 
become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  at  least  two  years  prior 
to  his  admission;  and  residence  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
United  States,  owing  such  permanent  allegiance,  shall  be  re- 
garded as  residence  within  the  United  States  within  the  mean- 
ing of  the  five  years'  residence  clause  of  the  existing  law. 

Naturalization  of  Alien  Enemies  Prohibited. 

Aliens  who  are  citizens  or  subjects  of  a  country  with  which 
the  United  States  is  at  war  cannot  become  citizens  during  the 
continuance  of  the  war,  subject  to  certain  statutory  exceptions. 

Change  of  Name. 

It  shall  be  lawful,  at  the  time  and  as  a  part  of  naturaliza- 
tion of  any  alien,  for  the  court,  in  its  discretion,  upon  the 
petition  of  such  alien,  to  make  a  decree  changing  the  name  of 
said  alien,  and  his  certificate  of  naturalization  shall  be  issued 
to  him  in  accordance  therewith. 

Chapter  II. 
IN   WHAT  COURTS   TO   APPLY. 
The  applicant  may  apply  for  admission  to  citizenship  either 
to  the  United  States  Courts  or  to  a  State  Court. 


14  HOW    TO   BECOME   A    CITIZEN 

United  States  Courts. 
The  United  States  or  Federal  Courts  are:  any  Circuit  or 
District  Court  of  the  United  States  within  the  district  where 
the  appHcant  resides. 

The  United  States  Court  in  the  State  of  New  York  com- 
prises four  separate  districts,  viz.,  the  Northern,  Southern, 
Eastern  and  Western. 

The  seat  of  the  United  States  Circuit  and  District  Court 
for  the  Southern  District  of  New  York  is  in  the  General  Post 
Office  Building,  City  of  New  York. 

The  United  States  Circuit  and  District  Courts  for  the 
Eastern  District  are  in  the  General  Post  Office  Building,  in 
Brooklyn,  City  of  New  York. 

STATE  COURTS. 
Application  to  State  Courts. 

State  Courts  to  which  application  for  citizenship  may  be 
made  are :  all  courts  of  record  having  a  seal,  a  clerk,  and  juris- 
diction in  actions  at  law  or  equity,  in  which  the  amount  in 
controversy  is  unlimited. 

The  application  to  the  State  Court  for  admission  to  citizen- 
ship must  be  made  in  the  county  wherein  the  applicant  has  his 
residence;  Municipal,  Police  and  Criminal  Courts  have  no 
power  to  issue  certificates  of  citizenship. 

Costs  and  Fees. 

The  "First  Paper"  will  cost  $i. 

The  "Second  Paper,"  or  final  certificate  of  naturalization, 
costs  $4. 

The  fees  are  the  same  anywhere  within  the  United  States. 

Duplicate  Papers  for  Lost  Papers. 
Any  one  having  lost  his  "First"  or  "Second  Paper"  may 
obtain  a  duplicate  "First"  or  "Second  Paper"  upon  a  sworn 
statement  showing  the  loss  of  the  respective  paper. 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  I5 

The  statement  must  be  sworn  to  before  the  Clerk  of  the 
Court  to  which  the  application  for  a  "Duplicate  Certificate"  is 
addressed.  This  statement  is  then  forwarded  to  the  proper 
department  in  Washington  with  the  request  for  authorization 
to  issue  "Duplicate  Certificates." 

The  Right  to  Vote. 

In  some  of  the  States  of  the  United  States  aliens  who  have 
taken  out  their  "First  Paper"  have  the  right  to  vote  equally 
with  naturalized  or  native-born  citizens.  But  in  the  majority 
of  States  only  actual  citizens  have  the  right  to  vote. 

The  reason  for  this  difference  in  the  right  to  vote  in  the 
respective  States  is  that  "the  right  to  vote"  is  conferred  by  and 
comes  from  the  State,  while  naturalization  is  a  right  created 
by  the  laws  of  the  United  States  and  not  by  any  one  single 
State. 

Status  of  Naturalized  Citizens  Who  Have  Taken  Up  Their 
Residence  Abroad. 

When  any  naturalized  citizen,  within  five  years  from  the 
issuance  of  his  certificate  of  citizenship,  shall  return  to  the 
country  of  his  nativity  or  any  other  foreign  country  and  take 
permanent  residence  therein,  it  shall  be  considered  prima  facie 
evidence  of  a  lack  of  intention  on  the  part  of  such  naturalized 
alien  to  become  a  permanent  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and 
his  certificate  of  citizenship  may  be  cancelled. 

It  is  the  duty  of  United  States  consuls  in  foreign  countries 
to  furnish  from  time  to  time  to  the  Department  of  Justice  the 
names  of  such  persons  who  have  certificates  of  citizenship  of 
the  United  States  and  who  have  taken  permanent  residence  in 
such  foreign  countries. 

Status  of  Citizens  Residing  Abroad  After  Naturalization. 

When  any  naturalized  American  citizen  shall  have  resided 
for  two  years  in  the  State  from  which  he  came,  or  for  five 
years  in  any  other  foreign  State,  it  shall  b^  presumed  that  he 


l6  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

has  ceased  to  be  an  American  citizen  and  the  place  of  his 
general  abode  shall  be  deemed  his  place  of  residence  during 
those  years:  Provided,  however,  that  such  presumption  may 
be  overcome  on  the  presentation  of  satisfactory  evidence  to  a 
diplomatic  or  consular  officer  of  the  United  States  under  such 
rules  and  regulations  as  the  Department  of  State  may  prescribe. 

Chapter  III. 

PENALTIES. 

Penalties  for  Forging  Certificate,  Etc. 

That  every  person  who  falsely  makes,  forges,  counterfeits, 
or  causes  or  procures  to  be  falsely  made,  forged,  or  counter- 
feited, or  knowingly  aids  or  assists  in  falsely  making,  forging, 
or  counterfeiting  any  certificate  of  citizenship,  with  intent  to 
use  the  same,  or  with  the  intent  that  the  same  may  be  used  by 
some  other  person  or  persons,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  felony,  and 
a  person  convicted  of  such  offense  shall  be  punished  by  im- 
prisonment for  not  more  than  ten  years,  or  by  a  fine  of  not 
more  than  ten  thousand  dollars,  or  by  both  such  fine  and  im- 
prisonment. 

Penalties  for  Unlawfully  Engraving  Any  Plate  in  the  Likeness 
of  a  Certificate  of  Citizenship. 

That  every  person  who  engraves  or  causes  or  procures 
to  be  engraved,  or  assists  in  engraving,  any  plate  in  the  likeness 
of  any  plate  designed  for  the  printing  of  a  certificate  of  citi- 
zenship, or  who  sells  any  such  plate,  or  who  brings  into  the 
United  States  from  any  foreign  place  any  such  plate,  except 
under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor, 
or  other  proper  officer,  any  person  who  has  in  his  control, 
custody,  or  possession  any  metallic  plate  engraved  after  the 
similitude  of  any  plate  from  which  any  such  certificate  has 
been  printed,  with  intent  to  use  such  plate  or  suffer  the  same 
to  be  used  in  forging  or  counterfeiting  any  such  certificate  or 
any  part  thereof;  and  every  person  who  prints,  photographs. 


•  row  -co  BECOME  A  CITIZEN  IJ 

or  in  any  other  manner  causes  to  be  printed,  photographed, 
made  or  executed,  any  print  or  impression  in  the  likeness  of 
any  such  certificate,  or  any  part  thereof,  or  who  sells  any  such 
certificate  or  brings  the  same  into  the  United  States  from  any 
foreign  place,  except  by  direction  of  some  proper  officer  of 
the  United  States,  or  who  has  in  his  possession  a  distinctive 
paper  which  has  been  adopted  by  the  proper  officer  of  the 
United  States  for  the  printing  of  such  certificate,  with  intent 
to  unlawfully  use  the  same,  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not 
more  than  ten  thousand  dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  at  hard 
labor  for  not  more  than  ten  years,  or  by  both  such  fine  and 
imprisonment. 

Penalties  for  Naturalization  Unlawfully  Procured,  Etc. 

That  any  person  who  knowingly  procures  naturalization 
in  violation  of  the  provisions  of  this  Act  shall  be  fined  not 
more  than  five  thousand  dollars,  or  shall  be  imprisoned  not 
more  than  five  years,  or  both,  and  upon  conviction  the  court  in 
which  such  conviction  is  had  shall  thereupon  adjudge  and 
declare  the  final  order  admitting  such  person  to  citizenship 
void.  Jurisdiction  is  hereby  conferred  on  the  courts  having 
jurisdiction  of  the  trial  of  such  oflFense  to  make  such  adjudi- 
cation. Any  person  who  knowingly  aids,  advises,  or  encour- 
ages any  person  not  entitled  thereto  to  apply  for  or  to  secure 
naturalization,  or  to  file  the  preliminary  papers  declaring  an 
intent  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  or  who  in  any 
naturalization  proceeding  knowingly  procures  or  gives  false 
testimony  as  to  any  material  fact,  or  who  knowingly  makes  an 
affidavit  false  as  to  any  material  fact  required  to  be  proved  in 
such  proceeding,  shall  be  fined  not  more  than  five  thousand 
dollars,  or  imprisoned  not  more  than  five  years,  or  both. 


1 8  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 


TITLE  II. 

Chapter  IV. 

PROCEDURE  FOR  OBTAINING  CITIZENSHIP. 

How  to  Obtain  the  "First  Paper." 

The  so-called  "First  Paper*'  is  the  declaration  on  the  part 
of  the  applicant  that  it  is  his  bona  fide  intention  to  become  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States  and  to  renounce  all  allegiance  to 
the  country  of  which  he  is  a  citizen  or  subject. 

The  applicant  must  be  at  least  i8  years  of  age. 

He  should  apply  for  his  "First  Paper"  either  to  any  Circuit 
or  District  Court  of  the  United  States  in  the  District  in  which 
he  resides  or  to  any  State  Court  authorized  by  law  to  confer 
citizenship. 

He  must  give  the  following  information:  His  name,  age, 
place  of  birth,  profession,  business  or  trade,  his  previous  resi- 
dence in  the  foreign  country,  the  date  of  his  arrival,  the  name 
of  the  ship  on  which  he  arrived,  the  name  of  the  port  where 
he  arrived,  and  an  exact  description  of  his  person,  such  as 
height,  color  of  hair,  eyes,  weight,  complexion,  and  other  vis- 
ible distinctive  marks;  that  he  is  not  an  anarchist,  that  he  is 
not  a  polygamist,  that  it  is  his  bona  fide  intention  to  renounce 
allegiance  to  the  State  of  which  he  is  a  citizen  or  subject,  that 
it  is  his  intention  in  good  faith  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States  of  America  and  permanently  reside  therein. 

All  the  foregoing  statements  must  be  embodied  in  the 
Declaration  of  Intention,  and  must  be  subscribed  and  sworn 
to  by  the  applicant. 

Printed  forms  to  be  filled  in  and  to  be  signed  by  the 
applicant  are  provided.     See  form  on  page  8i. 

The  "First  Paper"  becomes  invalid  for  all  purposes  seven 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  I9 

years  after  the  date  thereof,  unless  the  holder  thereof  has 
applied  for  his  ^'Second  Paper"  within  seven  years  after  the 
date  of  the  "First  Paper."  No  witnesses  are  necessary  on 
the  application  for  "First  Papers.*' 


Chapter  V. 

How  to  Obtain  the  "Second  Paper"  or  Final  Certificate  of 

Naturalization. 

The  application  for  the  "Second  Paper"  cannot  be  made 
until  two  years  after  the  date  of  the  "First  Paper,"  but  such 
application  must  be  made  within  seven  years  after  the  date 
of  the  "First  Paper,"  otherwise  the  "First  Paper"  becomes 
invalid. 

The  applicant  must  be  21  years  of  age. 

He  must  have  resided  continuously  for  five  years  in  the 
United  States,  and  at  least  one  year  in  the  State  in  which  he 
makes  his  application.  He  should  apply  to  one  of  the  Courts 
previously  mentioned. 

Again  he  must  sign  a  written  petition  and  give  the  follow- 
ing information: 

His  full  name,  his  place  of  residence,  by  street  and  num- 
ber, his  occupation,  the  date  of  his  birth,  when  he  emigrated 
to  the  United  States,  the  name  of  the  ship,  the  date  of  his 
arrival,  the  port  where  he  arrived,  whether  he  is  married,  his 
wife's  name,  the  date  of  birth  of  his  wife,  her  residence,  num- 
ber of  his  children,  the  name,  date  and  place  of  birth  and 
place  of  residence  of  each  of  such  children;  that  he  is  not  an 
anarchist,  that  he  is  not  a  polygamist,  that  it  is  his  intention 
to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  and  renounce  alle- 
giance to  any  foreign  potentate  or  State,  that  he  is  able  to 
speak  the  English  language,  that  he  has  resided  continuously 
five  years  in  the  United  States. 

The  petition  must  be  sworn  to  and  signed  by  the  applicant. 
Printed  forms  are  provided  by  the  Clerk  of  the  Court,  and 
are  in  substance  like  the  form  on  pages  82-83  of  this  book. 


20  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

Witnesses. 

Attached  to  the  petition  to  be  signed  by  the  applicant  is 
the  statement  of  the  two  witnesses. 

The  witnesses  must  be  citizens  of  the  United  States  (a 
woman  may  be  a  witness),  and  must  state:  their  occupation, 
residence,  that  they  have  known  the  appHcant  to  be  a  resident 
of  the  United  States  for  at  least  five  years,  that  the  applicant 
is  a  person  of  good  moral  character,  attached  to  the  principles 
of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  and  that  in  the  opin- 
ion of  the  witness  the  applicant  is  qualified  to  be  admitted  to 
citizenship. 

Certificate  of  Commissioner  of  Immigration. 

If  the  applicant  arrived  in  the  United  States  after  June 
29,  1906,  he  must  secure  from  the  United  States  Commis- 
sioner of  Immigration  at  the  port  where  he  arrived  a  certifi- 
cate showing  the  date  of  his  arrival.  The  certificate  is  fur- 
nished free  and  may  be  obtained  by  writing  to  the  Commis- 
sioner. 

(A  form  of  the  affidavit  to  be  signed  and  sworn  to  by  the 
witness  is  found  on  pages  83-84.) 

The  petition  of  the  applicant,  with  the  affidavit  of  the 
witnesses  and  the  certificate  of  the  Commissioner  of  Immigra- 
tion (if  any),  are  filed  in  Court. 

Ninety  Days  to  Elapse  Before  Granting  of  Final  Certificate 
of  Naturalization. 

After  the  filing  of  the  petition  the  names  of  the  applicant 
and  witnesses  are  posted  by  the  Clerk  in  a  public  place  in  the 
court  building. 

The  Final  Certificate  of  Naturalization,  however,  is  not 
granted  until  at  least  90  days  have  elapsed  from  the  date  of 
the  filing  of  the  petition. 

The  applicant  is  usually  notified  on  what  day  he  shall  ap- 
pear in  Court  for  the  final  hearing — citizenship  being  granted 
in  open  Court — applicant  must  appear  on  the  day  designated 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  21 

with  his  witnesses  and  he  is  then  examined  in  open  Court  by 
the  judge  as  to  his  qualifications,  his  witnesses  are  examined, 
and  if  appHcant's  quaHfications  are  deemed  sufficient  the  citi- 
zenship is  granted. 

During  the  preceding  ninety  days  or  more,  that  is,  in  the 
interim  between  the  fihng  of  the  petition  and  the  final  hear- 
ing, the  Clerk  through  the  various  Departments,  Bureaus  of 
Immigration  and  Naturalization  and  the  channels  of  informa- 
tion available  to  him  has  made  inquiries  whether  all  the  state- 
ments made  by  the  applicant  or  his  witnesses  are  true. 

Chapter  VI. 
Valuable  Information. 

You  want  two  witnesses — naturalized  or  native-born 
citizens. 

If  your  witnesses  are  naturalized  they  are  required  to 
have  their  citizen  paper  in  Court. 

Witnesses  must  have  personally  known  and  must  have 
been  in  contact  with  you  for  at  least  five  years. 

They  are  required  to  state  how  and  when  they  became 
acquainted  with  you,  how  often  they  have  seen  you  during 
the  five  years  or  the  period  they  have  known  you. 

Take  such  witnesses  as  •  have  seen  you  at  least  once  or 
twice  a  month  during  the  five  years.  Witnesses  must  have 
known  you  for  five  years  at  least  immediately  preceding  the 
filing  of  your  petition. 

If  you  cannot  get  your  witnesses  to  come  voluntarily  you 
may  have  them  summoned  to  Court  by  subpoena. 

If  you  have  lived  part  of  the  five  years  in  another  State 
and  you  cannot  get  witnesses  in  the  city  or  State  where  you 
make  your  application,  you  may  have  the  testimony  of  wit- 
nesses who  have  known  you  in  such  other  State  during  the 
time  you  resided  there,  taken  before  a  District  Attorney  and 
forwarded  to  you  to  be  used  on  your  application. 

Be  very  careful  to  answer  all  questions  correctly,  particu- 
larly the  correct  names  of  your  wife  and  children,  the  correct 


22  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

dates  of  their  birth — for  if  you  make  a  mistake,  for  instance, 
in  the  age  of  a  child,  such  child  cannot  claim  citizenship 
through  your  naturalization.  Therefore  do  not  make  any 
errors  in  your  answers. 

Be  careful  that  your  answers  are  the  same  on  your  appli- 
cations for  first  and  second  papers. 

Don't  make  any  false  statements  intentionally  or  uninten- 
tionally. Any  false  statement  by  you  or  your  witnesses,  if 
discovered  within  five  years  afterwards,  may  be  sufficient 
grounds  for  the  cancellation  of  your  citizenship. 

The  following  questions  should  be  carefully  studied,  and 
if  the  applicant  can  master  them  he  will  be  qualified  for  citi- 
zenship. The  applicant  should  carefully  read  the  Constitu- 
tion of  the  United  States  and  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 
and  by  doing  so  will  better  understand  many  of  the  questions 
and  answers. 


BOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  23 


TITLE   III. 

QUESTIONS      AND      ANSWERS      PREPARED      FOR 

APPLICANTS  FOR  CITIZENSHIP  OF  THE 

UNITED  STATES. 

Chapter  VII. 

QUESTIONS  ASKED  ON  APPLICATION    FOR    YOUR 
"FIRST  PAPER." 

Each    of  the  following  questions  the  applicant     must 
be  prepared  to  answer  in  taking  out  his  "First  Paper.*' 

Q.     What  is  your  age? 

Q.     What  is  your  occupation? 

Q.  What  is  your  personal  description :  color,  complexion, 
height,  weight,  color  of  hair,  color  of  eyes,  other  visible  dis- 
tinctive marks? 

Q.     Where  were  you  born  and  when? 

Q.     Where  do  you  now  reside? 

Q.  When  did  you  emigrate  to  the  United  States  of 
America  ? 

Q.     From  what  port  did  you  sail? 

Q.     On  what  vessel  did  you  come? 

Q.  Is  it  your  bona  fide  intention  to  renounce  forever  all 
allegiance  and  fidelity  to  any  foreign  prince,  potentate,  state 

or  sovereignty,  particularly  of of  which  you  arc 

now  a  citizen  (subject)  ? 

Q.     At  what  port  did  you  arrive? 

Q.     On  what  date  did  you  arrive? 

Q.     Are  you  an  anarchist? 

Q.  Are  you  a  polygamist  or  do  you  believe  in  the  prac- 
tice of  polygamy? 


24  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

Q.  Is  it  your  intention  in  good  faith  to  become  a  citizen 
of  the  United  States  of  America  and  to  permanently  reside 
therein  ? 

The  foregoing  are  all  the  questions  asked  the  applicant 
for  "First  Papers"  and  no  witnesses  are  necessary.  All  the 
questions,  however,  must  be  correctly  answered;  they  are  in- 
corporated in  his  Declaration  of  Intention  to  become  a  citizen, 
which  must  be  signed  and  sworn  to  by  the  applicant. 

Chapter  VIII. 

QUESTIONS  ASKED  ON  FIRST  APPLICATION  FOR 
YOUR  "SECOND  OR  FINAL  PAPER." 

Each    of    the    following    questions    the    applicant     must   be 

prepared  to  answer  at  the  time  of  applying  for  his 

"Second  Paper." 

Q.     What  is  your  full  name? 

Q.  Where  is  your  place  of  residence — number  and  street 
— city  of — State  (Territory  or  District)  of? 

Q.     What  is  your  occupation? 

Q.     When  were  you  born — date  and  year? 

Q.     Where  were  you  born? 

Q.  When  did  yoy  emigrate  to  the  United  States — from 
what  port  or  place — when — date  and  year? 

Q.  At  what  port  in  the  United  States  did  you  arrive — 
in  what  vessel  (ship)  and  when? 

Q.  When  did  you  declare  your  intention  to  become  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States  (=  when  did  you  get  your  "First 
Paper") — what  date — where — in  what  court? 

Q.     Are  you  married? 

Q.     What  is  the  full  name  of  your  wife? 

Q.     Where  was  your  wife  born? 

Q.     Where  does  your  wife  reside? 

Q.     How  many  children  have  you? 

Q.  What  is  the  name,  date  and  place  of  birth  and  place 
of  residence  of  each  of  your  children? 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  25 

Q.  Do  you  disbelieve  or  are  you  opposed  to  organized 
government  ? 

Q.  Are  you  a  member  of  or  affiliated  with  any  organiza- 
tion or  body  of  persons  teaching  disbelief  in  organized  gov- 
ernment ? 

Q.  Are  you  a  polygamist  or  a  believer  in  the  practice  of 
polygamy  ? 

Q.  Are  you  attached  to  the  principles  of  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States? 

Q.  Is  it  your  intention  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States  and  to  renounce  absolutely  and  forever  all  allegiance  and 
fidelity  to  any  foreign  prince,  potentate,  state  or  sovereignty, 

and  particularly  to of  which  you  are  now  a  citizen 

(or  subject)  ? 

Q.  Is  it  your  intention  to  reside  permanently  in  the 
United  States? 

Q.     Are  you  able  to  speak  the  English  language? 

Q.  Have  you  resided  continuously  in  the  United  States 
of  America  for  a  term  of  five  years  at  least  immediately  pre- 
ceding the  date  of  your  petition  (for  "Second  Papers")? 

Q.     Have  you  resided  in  the  State  (Territory  or  District) 

of (where  you  apply  for  "Second  Papers")  for  one 

year  at  least  next  preceding  the  date  of  your  petition? 

Q.  Have  you  ever  made  a  petition  for  citizenship  to  any 
court  before?    If  so — ^where — and  why  it  was  denied? 

All  the  foregoing  questions  must  be  answered  by  the  appli- 
cant on  making  his  application  to  the  Court  for  his  "Second 
Paper."  They  are  incorporated  in  narrative  form  in  the 
petition,  which  must  be  signed  and  sworn  to  by  the  applicant. 
Many  of  the  questions  are  the  same  as  on  the  application  for 
"First  Papers."  Care  should  be  taken  by  the  applicant  that 
all  the  questions  are  answered  correctly,  and  particularly  the 
questions  with  respect  to  name  of  wife,  number  of  children, 
names,  date  and  place  of  birth  and  place  of  residence  of  each 
of  such  children,  as  any  material  error  will  prevent  any  such 
child  from  claiming  citizenship  of  the  United  States  through 
and  on  the  ground  that  his  father  was  a  citizen.     (Of  course, 


26  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

this  applies  only  to  children  born  out  of  the  limits  and  juris- 
diction of  the  United  States. ) 

Chapter  IX. 

QUESTIONS  FOR  APPLICANT  AND  WITNESSES. 

Questions  Asked  the  Applicant. 

Q.  When  did  you  become  acquainted  with  your  witnesses 
and  each  one  of  them? 

Q.  Where  did  you  become  acquainted  with  your  wit- 
nesses ? 

Q.  How  did  you  become  acquainted  with  your  witnesses 
— with  each  one  ? 

(State  all  the  circumstances — when,  where  and  how  you 
met  them  the  first  time  in  the  United  States.) 

Q.  How  often  have  you  seen  each  of  your  witnesses  dur- 
ing the  past  five  years  ? 

Questions  Asked  the  Witnesses. 

Q.     What  is  your  name  and  occupation? 

Q.     Where  do  you  reside? 

Q.  Are  you  a  citizen  of  the  United  States?  (Witnesses 
must  be  citizens.) 

Q.     How  long  have  you  personally  known  the  applicant? 

Q.  Have  you  personally  known  the  applicant  to  be  a  resi- 
dent of  the  United  States  for  a  period  of  at  least  five  years 
continuously  immediately  preceding  the  date  of  the  filing  of 
the  petition — and  of  the  State  (Territory  or  District)  of — 
(in  which  the  application  is  made)  for  a  period  of  one  year 
at  least  preceding  the  date  of  the  filing  of  the  petition?  State 
how  long. 

Q.  When,  where  and  how  did  you  first  meet  or  become 
acquainted  with  the  applicant?  (State  the  circumstances  of 
the  first  acquaintance — this  must  substantially  correspond 
with  the  statements  made  by  the  applicant  in  answer  to  the  like 
question. ) 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  2^ 

Q.  How  often  during  the  time  of  your  acquaintance  have 
you  seen  the  appHcant? 

Q.  Do  you  know  of  your  own  personal  knowledge  that 
the  applicant  is  a  person  of  good  moral  character? 

Q.  Do  you  know  of  your  own  personal  knowledge  that 
the  applicant  is  attached  to  the  principles  of  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States? 

Q.  In  your  opinion,  is  the  applicant  qualified  in  every 
way  to  be  admitted  as  a  citizen  of  the  United  States? 

All  the  foregoing  questions  must  be  answered  by  each  of 
the  two  witnesses.  The  answers  are  incorporated  in  narrative 
form  in  the  witnesses'  affidavit,  which  must  be  signed  and 
sworn  to  by  each  of  the  witnesses. 

The  affidavit  of  the  witnesses  is  attached  to  the  petition  of 
the  applicant — and  petition  of  applicant  and  affidavit  of  wit- 
nesses are  filed  with  the  Clerk  of  the  Court. 

This  concludes  the  first  step  in  the  application  for  "Second 
Papers." 


Ninety  days  at  least  must  elapse  after  the  filing  of  the 
petition,  after  which  the  applicant  and  his  witnesses  must  again 
appear  in  Court;  the  applicant  and  witnesses  to  be  finally 
examined  as  to  whether  the  applicant  is  properly  qualified  to 
be  admitted  to  citizenship.  The  applicant  will  be  notified  by 
the  clerk  when  to  appear  with  his  witnesses. 

This  last  examination  takes  place  in  open  court  before  a 
Justice. 

The  witnesses  will  be  asked  practically  the  same  questions 
as  above  stated. 

The  applicant,  however,  now  faces  his  final  examination, 
during  which  he  must  show  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  presiding 
Justice  that  he  possesses  a  sufficient  knowledge  of  the  Consti- 
tution, Form  of  Government  of  the  United  States,  the  various 
States,  etc.,  as  will  qualify  him  to  be  admitted  to  citizenship. 

The  applicant  should  thoroughly  study  the  following  ques- 
tions and  answers,  read  the  Constitution  and  Declaration  of 


28  HOW    TO    BECOME    A     CITIZEN 

Independence  contained  in  this  book,  and  compare  the  same 
with  the  questions  and  answers. 

Though  it  may  be  possible  that  some  of  the  questions  may 
be  asked  in  another  form,  if  the  appHcant  thoroughly  famil- 
iarizes himself  with  the  meaning  of  the  questions  and  with 
the  answers  thereto  he  will  be  sufficiently  qualified  to  be 
admitted  to  citizenship. 

The  applicant  should  have  no  fear,  and  answer  the  ques- 
tions asked  by  the  Justice  or  District  Attorney  frankly — for 
one  wrong  answer  will  not  disqualify  him  and  the  judge  is 
quick  to  see  whether  the  applicant  has  studied  the  questions, 
and  in  such  case  will  usually  render  him  assistance  in  passing 
the  examination  by  asking  the  question  over  again  or  in  an- 
other way  so  as  to  guide  the  applicant  to  a  correct  answer. 


Chapter  X. 

QUESTIONS  ASKED  BY  THE  COURTS  WITH  THE 
ANSWERS  THERETO  AT  THE  FINAL  HEARING. 

Concerning  Particularly  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States, 
the  Form  of  our  National  and  State  Governments,  Etc. 

Q.     Under  what  form  of  government  do  we  live? 

A.  We  live  under  a  Republican  form  of  Government — in 
other  words — our  Government  is  a  Republic. 

Q.     What  is  a  Republic  ? 

A.  A  representative  government — ^that  is,  a  government 
by  the  people. 

Q.     Have  we  an  emperor,  a  king  or  other  ruler? 

A.     No. 

Q.     What  is  a  Monarchy? 

A.     A  country  ruled  by  an  emperor  or  king. 

Q.  What  is  the  difference  between  a  Republic,  such  as 
we  have,  and  a  Monarchy? 

A.  Under  a  Monarchy  the  laws  are  made  by  the  emperor 
or  king,  while  in  our  country  the  laws  are  made  by  the  people 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  2g 

through  elected  representatives — in  other  words,  in  a  Mon- 
archy the  king  rules  while  in  this  country  the  people  rule. 


Constitution. 

Q.     Which  is  the  highest  law  in  the  United  States? 

A.     The  Constitution. 

Q.     What  is  the  Constitution? 

A.  It  is  the  fundamental  law  of  the  country — to  which 
all  other  laws  must  be  subject. 

Q.     Did  you  ever  read  the  Constitution? 

A.     Yes. 

Q.     What  are  the  purposes  of  the  Constitution? 

A.  To  establish  and  secure  justice  and  equal  rights  to 
all — and  the  blessings  of  liberty  to  ourselves  and  our  posterity. 

Q.     Who  made  the  Constitution? 

A.     The  representatives  of  the  thirteen  original  colonies. 

Q.  When  was  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States 
adopted  ? 

A.  September  1 7th,  1 787.  In  the  Constitutional  Conven- 
tion, Congress  and  the  several  States  accepted  it. 

Q.     Where  was  it  adopted? 

A.     In  Philadelphia. 

Q.     What  are  the  names  of  those  thirteen  original  States? 

A.  They  are  Maryland,  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts, 
Connecticut,  Pennsylvania,  Virginia,  New  Jersey,  New  York, 
Delaware,  South  Carolina,  North  Carolina,  Georgia,  Rhode 
Island. 

Q.     How  can  the  Constitution  be  amended? 

A.  Amendments  to  the  Constitution  must  be  proposed 
by  a  two-thirds  majority  of  both  houses  of  Congress  and 
approved  by  three-quarters  of  the  States  of  the  Union. 

Q.  Has  the  Constitution  ever  been  amended  since  its 
original  adoption? 

A.     Yes. 

Q.     How  many  amendments  are  there  to  the  Constitution  ? 

A.     Fifteen.  !;t^ -^  ^  , 


30  HOW    TO    BECOME    A     CITIZEN 

Q.  Into  how  many  branches  has  the  Constitution  divided 
the  Government  of  the  United  States  ? 

A.     Into  three  branches. 

Q.     What  are  they? 

A.     The  Legislative,  the  Executive  and  the  Judicial. 

Q.  What  constitutes  the  Legislative  Branch  of  the  United 
States  Government? 

A.     Congress. 

Q.     What  constitutes  the  Executive  Branch? 

A.     The  President  and  his  Cabinet. 

Q.     And  what  constitutes  the  Judicial  Branch  ? 

A.     The  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 

Q.  Why  was  the  U.  S.  Government  divided  into  three 
Branches  ? 

A.  To  prevent  the  whole  power  of  government  from 
being  lodged  in  one  man  or  one  body,  therefore  the  divisiot^ — 
that  one  branch  should  act  as  a  check  upon  the  other. 

Congress.     (The  Legislative  Branch.) 

Q.  Who  makes  the  laws  of  the  United  States  ? 

A.  Congress,  at  Washington. 

Q.  Does  the  Congress  alone  make  the  laws  ? 

A.  Yes,  but  the  President  must  sign  the  laws  made  by 
Congress. 

Q.  What  does  the  Congress  consist  of  ? 

A.  The  Congress  of  the  United  States  consists  of  two 
Houses,  which  are — ^the  Senate  and  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives. 

Q.  How  many  members  has  the  Senate  ? 

A.  Two.  from  every  State  of  the  Union. 

Q.  Are  the  Senators  elected  directly  by  the  people  ? 

A.  No.lj>i^ 

Q.  How  are  the  United  States  Senators  appointed? 

A.     The-tegislatur€~.af--€ach^,Stat€aifJb£--^^^ 
twe-&natox:«. 

Q.     How  long  is  their  term  of  office? 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  3 1 

A.     United  States  Senators  are  elected  for  six  years. 

Q.  How  are  the  members  of  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives elected? 

A.     By  direct  vote  of  the  people. 

Q.     For  how  long  a  term  are  they  elected  ? 

A.     For  two  years. 

Q.  How  many  members  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
may  each  State  have?  ,  ^^^ 

A.  One  Representative  for  about  every  ^9^^000  inhabi- 
tants; (but  a  State  having  less  inhabitants  is  entitled  to  a 
Representative  in  Congress). 

Q.     How  are  the  Congressional  Districts  formed  ? 

A.  The  Congress  allots  to  each  State  of  the  Union  as 
many  Representatives  as  such  respective  State  is  entitled  to, 
according  to  its  population ;  but  the  Legislature  of  each  State 
divides  the  State  into  Congressional  Districts. 

Q.     Congress  meets  how  often? 

A.     Once,  yearly,  on  the  first  Monday  of  December. 

Q.     What  are  the  powers  of  Congress  ? 

A.  To  impose  taxes,  to  borrow  money  on  the  credit  of 
the  United  States,  to  regulate  commerce  with  foreign  nations, 
to  establish  a  uniform  system  of  naturalization,  to  coin  money, 
to  establish  post-offices  and  roads,  to  declare  war,  to  raise  and 
support  armies,  etc. 

President,    Vice-President,    The    Cabinet.      (The    Executive 
Branch  of  the   Government.) 

Q.     Who  is  chief  executive  officer  of  the  United  States? 

A.     The  President. 

Q.  Where  is  the  seat  of  government  of  the  United  States 
and  the  President  ? 

A.     At  Washington,  District  of  Columbia. 

Q.     Who  elects  the  President  of  the  United  States? 

A,  Indirectly  the  people;  that  is,  the  people  of  each 
State  elect  a  certain  number  of  electors,  and  the  electors  thus 
elected  by  the  people  elect  the  President.     The  electors  are 


32  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

apportioned  among  the  States  according  to  population.  New 
York  elects  the  largest  number  of  electors. 

Q.     For  how  long  is  the  President  elected? 

A.     For  four  years. 

Q.  If  no  candidate  for  President  receives  a  majority  of 
the  votes  of  the  electors,  who  elects  the  President  in  such  case  ? 

A.  The  House  of  Representatives  elects  the  President  in 
such  a  case. 

Q.     What  are  the  duties  and  power  of  the  President? 

A.  He  shall  be  commander-in-chief  of  the  army  and  navy 
of  the  United  States.  He  shall  see  that  the  laws  are  enforced. 
He  shall  have  power  to  make  treaties  with  the  consent  of  the 
Senate.  He  shall  appoint  ambassadors  and  other  public  minis- 
ters and  consuls.    He  can  veto  laws  made  by  Congress. 

Q.     Where  does  the  President  preside? 

A.  Over  his  Cabinet,  which  consists  of  the  Secretaries  of 
the  State,  Treasury,  War,  Navy,  Interior,  Agriculture,  the 
Attorney-General,  the  Postmaster-General  and  the  Secretary'  of 
Commerce,  and  Labor. 

Q.     How  are  the  laws  of  the  United  States  adopted? 

A.  A  bill  in  order  to  become  a  law,  must  first  be  adopted 
by  the  House  of  Representatives,  then  by  the  Senate,  then  it 
must  be  signed  by  the  President,  before  it  becomes  a  law. 

Q.  Is  it  necessary  that  every  law  be  signed  by  the  Presi- 
dent? 

A.  No;  if  the  President  retains  a  bill  for  ten  days  with- 
out signing  or  vetoing  it,  the  bill  becomes  a  law  without  his 
signature. 

Q.  If  the  President  refuses  to  sign  or  veto  a  bill  which 
has  passed  both  Houses  of  Congress,  to  wit:  the  Senate  and 
the  House  of  Representatives,  can  it  still  become  a  law? 

A.  Yes ;  but  in  such  case  Congress  must  pass  the  bill  again 
by  a  two-thirds  majority  of  the  Senate  and  of  the  House  of 
Representatives,  and  it  then  becomes  a  law  without  the  Presi- 
dent's signature. 

Q.  Can  a  naturalized  citizen  become  President  of  the 
United  States? 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  33 

A.  No;  only  a  native-born  citizen,  not  less  than  35  years 
of  age,  can  become  President. 

Q.     If  the  President  dies,  who  becomes  the  President? 

A.  The  Vice-President ;  and  if  the  Vice-President  dies,  the 
Secretary  of  State,  down  to  the  last  member  of  the  President's 
Cabinet. 

Q.     How  is  the  Vice-President  elected? 


In  the  same  manner  as  the  President. 

Over  what  body  does  the  Vice-President  preside  ? 

Over  the  Senate  of  the  United  States. 

Who  was  the  first  President  of  the  United  States? 

George  Washington — from  1789  to  1793. 

Who  is  the  present  President  ? 

Woodrow  Wilson. 

May  a  native-born  woman  become  President  of  the 


United  States? 
A.     Yes. 

United   States   Supreme   Court   and    United   States    Courts. 
(Constituting  the  Judicial  Branch  of  the  Government.) 

Q.     What  is  the  highest  Court  in  the  United  States  ? 

A.     United  States  Supreme  Court  at  Washington. 

Q.  What  are  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  Supreme  Court 
at  Washington? 

A.  To  define  and  interpret  the  meaning  of  the  Constitu- 
tion ;  to  decide  whether  laws  enacted  by  Congress  or  State  laws 
are  in  conformity  or  against  the  principles  and  meaning  of  the 
Constitution,  and  to  declare  any  law  in  conflict  with  the  Con- 
stitution to  be  unconstitutional,  as  the  Constitution  is  our  high- 
est law,  coming  directly  from  the  people. 

Q.     Who  appoints  the  judges  of  the  United  States  Courts? 

A.  They  are  appointed  for  life  by  the  President,  but  with 
the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate. 

Q.  Is  every  citizen  who  is  accused  of  a  crime,  entitled  to 
have  a  trial  by  jury? 

A.     Yes,  under  the  Constitution. 

Q.     What  is  a  jury? 


34  HOW    TO    BECOME    A     CITIZEN 

A.  Twelve  men  selected  by  the  accused  and  the  people, 
who  hear  the  evidence  and  either  acquit  or  convict  the  accused. 

Q.     State  the  duties  of  a  United  States  citizen? 

A.  To  obey  the  laws  and  to  defend  the  country  in  times 
of  war. 

Q.  How  many  stars  are  there  in  the  flag  of  the  United 
States? 

A.     Forty-eight — one  star  for  each  State. 

Q.     How  many  States  has  the  Union? 

A.     Forty-eight. 

Q.     Did  you  read  the  Declaration  of  Independence? 

A.     Yes. 

Q.  What  is  the  date  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 
and  when  did  our  country  declare  its  independence? 

A.  July  4,  I  yjd,  on  which  date  it  was  signed  in  Congress 
by  the  deputies  of  the  thirteen  original  colonies. 

STATE  LAWS. 

(The  following  questions  and  answers  have  particular 
reference  to  the  State  and  City  of  New  York,  but  the  questions 
may  be  adopted  for  each  State. ) 

Q.  Can  you  name  any  other  laws  besides  those  made  by 
Congress  at  Washington? 

A.     Yes ;  each  State  makes  its  own  laws. 

Q.     Who  makes  the  laws  in  each  State? 

A  The  Legislature  of  each  State,  which  consists  of  a 
Senate  and  an  Assembly — the  Senate  being  the  Upper  House 
and  the  Assembly  the  Lower  House. 

Q.  How  are  the  members  of  the  Senate  and  the  members 
of  the  Assembly  of  each  State  elected? 

A.     By  direct  vote  of  the  people. 

Q.     Who  is  the  head  of  the  government  of  a  State? 

A.     The  Governor  of  each  State. 

Q.     Who  elects  the  Governor  of  a  State? 

A.     By  direct  vote  of  the  people. 

Q.  What  are  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  Governor  of 
a  State? 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A     CITIZEN  35 

A.  To  enforce  the  laws  of  the  State;  to  sign  all  bills 
passed  by  the  Legislature;  if  the  Governor  vetoes  a  bill  the 
Legislature  may  pass  the  bill  again  with  a  two-thirds  majority, 
and  it  then  becomes  a  law  without  the  signature  of  the 
Governor. 

Q.     Who  makes  the  laws  of  the  State  of  New  York? 

A.  The  Legislature  at  Albany,  consisting  of  the  State 
Senate  and  the  State  Assembly. 

Q.     How  many  members  has  the  Senate  at  Albany? 

A.  Fifty-one  members;  each  State  Senator  is  elected  for 
two  years. 

Q.     How  many  members  has  the  Assembly  at  Albany? 

A.  One  hundred  and  fifty  members;  each  Assemblyman 
is  elected  for  one  year. 

Q.  What  is  the  term  of  office  of  the  Governor  of  the 
State  of  New  York? 

A.     Two  years. 

Q.     Name  the  capital  of  the  State  of  New  York? 

A.     Albany. 

Q.  Who  makes  the  laws  for  the  government  of  the  City 
of  New  York? 

A.     The  Legislature  at  Albany. 

Q.  What  is  the  title  of  the  chief  executive  officer  of  the 
City  Government? 

A.     The  Mayor. 

Q.  What  is  the  term  of  office  of  the  Mayor  of  the  City 
of  New  York? 

A.     Four  years;  he  is  elected  by  the  people. 

Q.  May  the  Mayor  of  the  City  of  New  York  veto  a  law 
made  at  Albany  for  the  government  of  the  City  of  New  York? 

A.  Yes;  but  in  such  case,  the  Legislature  may  pass  the 
bill  again,  and  if  so  passed  again  it  becomes  a  law. 

Q.     Do  you  know  what  a  City  Ordinance  is? 

A.  Yes;  a  law  for  the  regulation  of  the  matters  and 
affairs  not  provided  for  by  the  Legislature  at  Albany. 

Q.     Who  makes  the  City  Ordinances? 

A.     The  Municipal  Assembly — Board  of  Aldermen. 


36  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 


TITLE  IV. 

Chapter  XL 

THE  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE. 

In  Congress,  July  4th,  1776. 

The    Unanimous    Declaration    of    the    Thirteen 
Original  Colonies  (United  States)  of  America. 

When,  in  the  course  of  human  events,  it  becomes  necessary 
for  one  people  to  dissolve  the  political  bands  which  have  con- 
nected them  with  another,  and  to  assume,  among  the  powers 
of  the  earth,  the  separate  and  equal  station  to  which  the  laws 
of  nature  and  of  nature's  God  entitle  them,  a  decent  respect 
to  the  opinions  of  mankind  requires  that  they  should  declare 
the  causes  which  impel  them  to  the  separation. 

We  hold  these  truths  to  be  self-evident:  that  all  men  are 
created  equal;  that  they  are  endowed,  by  their  creator,  with 
certain  inalienable  rights;  that  among  these  are  life,  liberty, 
and  the  pursuit  of  happiness.  That  to  secure  these  rights,  gov- 
ernments are  instituted  among  men,  deriving  their  just  powers 
from  the  consent  of  the  governed ;  that  whenever  any  form  of 
government  becomes  destructive  of  these  ends,  it  is  the  right 
of  the  people  to  alter  or  to  abolish  it,  and  to  institute  a  new 
government,  laying  its  foundation  on  such  principles,  and  or- 
ganizing its  powers  in  such  form  as  to  them  shall  seem  most 
likely  to  affect  their  safety  and  happiness.  Prudence,  indeed, 
will  dictate,  that  governments  long  established  should  not  be 
changed  for  light  and  transient  causes;  and  accordingly,  all 
experience  hath  shown,  that  mankind  are  more  disposed  to 
suffer  while  evils  are  sufferable,  than  to  right  themselves  by 
abolishing  the  forms  to  which  they  are  accustomed.  But  when 
a  long  train  of  abuses  and  usurpations,  pursuing  invariably 
the  same  object,  evinces  a  design  to  reduce  them  under  absolute 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A     CITIZEN  37 

despotism,  it  is  their  right,  it  is  their  duty  to  throw  off  such 
government,  and  to  provide  new  guards  for  their  future 
security.  Such  has  been  the  patient  sufferance  of  these  col- 
onies ;  and  such  is  now  the  necessity  which  constrains  them  to 
alter  their  former  systems  of  government.  The  history  of  the 
present  king  of  Great  Britain  is  a  history  of  repeated  injuries 
and  usurpations,  all  having  in  direct  object  the  establishment 
of  an  absolute  tyranny  over  these  states.  To  prove  this,  let 
facts  be  submitted  to  a  candid  world. 

He  has  refused  his  assent  to  laws  the  most  wholesome  and 
necessary  for  the  public  good. 

He  has  forbidden  his  governors  to  pass  laws  of  immediate 
and  pressing  importance,  unless  suspended  in  their  operation, 
till  his  assent  should  be  obtained ;  and  when  so  suspended,  he 
has  utterly  neglected  to  attend  to  them. 

He  has  refused  to  pass  other  laws  for  the  accommodation 
of  large  districts  of  people,  unless  those  people  would  relin- 
quish the  right  of  representation  in  the  legislature — a  right 
inestimable  to  them,  and  formidable  to  tyrants  only. 

He  has  called  together  legislative  bodies  at  places  unusual, 
uncomfortable,  and  distant  from  the  repository  of  their  public 
records,  for  the  sole  purpose  of  fatiguing  them  into  compliance 
with  his  measures. 

He  has  dissolved  representative  houses  repeatedly,  for 
opposing,  with  manly  firmness,  his  invasions  on  the  rights  of 
the  people. 

He  has  refused,  for  a  long  time  after  such  dissolutions,  to 
cause  others  to  be  elected;  whereby  the  legislative  powers, 
incapable  of  annihilation,  have  returned  to  the  people  at  large, 
for  their  exercise,  the  state  remaining,  in  the  mean  time, 
exposed  to  all  the  dangers  of  invasion  from  without,  and 
convulsions  within. 

He  has  endeavored  to  prevent  the  population  of  these 
states;  for  that  purpose  obstructing  the  laws  for  naturaliza- 
tion of  foreigners;  refusing  to  pass  others  to  encourage  their 
migration  hither,  and  raising  the  conditions  of  new  appropria- 
tions of  lands. 


38  HOW    TO    BECOME    A     CITIZEN 

He  has  obstructed  the  administration  of  justice,  by  refus- 
ing his  assent  to  laws  for  establishing  judiciary  powers. 

He  has  made  judges  dependent  on  his  will  alone,  for  the 
tenure  of  their  offices,  and  the  amount  and  payment  of  their 
salaries. 

He  has  erected  a  multitude  of  new  offices,  and  sent  hither 
swarms  of  officers,  to  harass  our  people,  and  eat  out  their 
substance. 

He  has  kept  among  us,  in  times  of  peace,  standing  armies, 
without  the  consent  of  our  legislatures. 

He  has  affected  to  render  the  military  independent  of,  and 
superior  to,  the  civil  power. 

He  has  combined  with  others  to  subject  us  to  a  jurisdiction 
foreign  to  our  constitution,  and  unacknowledged  by  our  laws ; 
giving  his  assent  to  their  acts  of  pretended  legislation: 

For  quartering  large  bodies  of  armed  troops  among  us: 

For  protecting  them,  by  a  mock  trial,  from  punishment  for 
any  murders  which  they  should  commit  on  the  inhabitants  of 
these  states : 

For  cutting  off  our  trade  with  all  parts  of  the  world : 

For  imposing  taxes  on  us  without  our  consent: 

For  depriving  us,  in  many  cases,  of  the  benefits  of  trial  by 
jury: 

For  transporting  us  beyond  seas  to  be  tried  for  pretended 
offences : 

For  abolishing  the  free  system  of  English  laws  in  a  neigh- 
boring province,  establishing  therein  an  arbitrary  government, 
and  enlarging  its  boundaries,  so  as  to  render  it  at  once  an 
example  and  fit  instrument  for  introducing  the  same  absolute 
rule  into  these  colonies : 

For  taking  away  our  charters,  abolishing  our  most  valuable 
laws,  and  altering,  fundamentally,  the  forms  of  our  govern- 
ment: 

For  suspending  our  own  legislatures,  and  declaring  them- 
selves invested  with  power  to  legislate  for  us  in  all  cases  what- 
soever. 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  39 

He  has  abdicated  government  here  by  declaring  us  out  of 
his  protection,  and  waging  war  against  us. 

He  has  plundered  our  seas,  ravaged  our  coasts,  burnt  our 
towns  and  destroyed  the  lives  of  our  people. 

He  is  at  this  time  transporting  large  armies  of  foreign  mer- 
cenaries to  complete  the  works  of  death,  desolation,  and 
tyranny  already  begun,  with  circumstances  of  cruelty  and  per- 
fidy scarcely  paralleled  in  the  most  barbarous  ages,  and  totally 
unworthy  the  head  of  a  civilized  nation. 

He  has  constrained  our  fellow-citizens,  taken  captive  on  the 
high  seas,  to  bear  arms  against  their  country,  to  become  the 
executioners  of  their  friends  and  brethren,  or  to  fall  themselves 
by  their  hands. 

He  has  excited  domestic  insurrections  among  us,  and  has 
endeavored  to  bring  on  the  inhabitants  of  our  frontiers  the 
merciless  Indian  savages,  whose  known  rule  of  warfare  is  an 
undistinguished  destruction  of  all  ages,  sexes,  and  conditions. 

In  every  stage  of  these  oppressions  we  have  petitioned  for 
redress  in  the  most  humble  terms ;  our  repeated  petitions  have 
been  answered  only  by  repeated  injury.  A  prince  whose 
character  is  thus  marked  by  every  act  which  may  define  a 
tyrant  is  unfit  to  be  the  ruler  of  a  free  people. 

Nor  have  we  been  wanting  in  attentions  to  our  British 
brethren.  We  have  warned  them,  from  time  to  time,  of 
attempts  by  their  legislature  to  extend  an  unwarrantable  juris- 
diction over  us.  We  have  reminded  them  of  the  circumstances 
of  our  emigration  and  settlement  here.  We  have  appealed  to 
their  native  justice  and  magnanimity,  and  we  have  conjured 
them  by  the  ties  of  our  common  kindred  to  disavow  these 
usurpations,  which  would  inevitably  interrupt  our  connections 
and  correspondence.  They,  too,  have  been  deaf  to  the  voice 
of  justice  and  consanguinity.  We  must,  therefore,  acquiesce 
in  the  necessity  which  denounces  our  separation,  and  hold 
them,  as  we  hold  the  rest  of  mankind,  enemies  in  war,  in  peace 
friends. 

We,  therefore,  the  representatives  of  the  United  States  of 
America,   in  General  Congress  assembled,   appealing  to  the 


40  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

Supreme  Judge  of  the  world  for  the  rectitude  of  our  intentions, 
to,  in  the  name  and  by  the  authority  of  the  good  people  of  these 
colonies,  solemnly  publish  and  declare  that  these  United  Col- 
onies are,  and  of  right  ought  to  be,  free  and  independent 
States ;  that  they  are  absolved  from  all  allegiance  to  the  British 
crown,  and  that  all  political  connection  between  them  and  the 
State  of  Great  Britain  is,  and  ought  to  be,  totally  dissolved; 
and  that,  as  free  and  independent  States,  they  have  full  power 
to  levy  war,  conclude  peace,  contract  alliance,  establish  com- 
merce, and  to  do  all  other  acts  and  things  which  independent 
States  may  of  right  do.  And  for  the  support  of  this  declara- 
tion, with  a  firm  reliance  on  the  protection  of  Divine  Provi- 
dence, we  mutually  pledge  to  each  other  our  lives,  our  fortunes, 
and  our  sacred  honor. 

Signed  by  order  and  in  behalf  of  the  Congress. 

JOHN  HANCOCK,  President. 

Attested,  CHARLES  THOMPSON,  Secretary. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  Benjamin  Rush, 

JosHiAH  Bartlett,  Benjamin  Franklin, 

William  Whipple,  John  Morton, 

Matthew  Thornton.  George  Clymer, 

James  Smith, 

RHODE  ISLAND,  ETC.  George  Taylor, 

Stephen  Hopkins,  J^^^^  Wilson, 

William  Ellely.  ^^^^^^  ^^ss. 

NEW  YORK.  VIRGINIA. 

William  Floyd,  George  Wythe, 

Phillip  Livingston,  Richard  Henry  Lee, 

Francis  Lewis,  Thomas  Jefferson, 

Lewis  Morris.  Benjamin  Harrison, 

PENNSYLVANIA.  Jr4\™lJ';;„. 

Robert  Morris,  Carter  Braxton. 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 


41 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Edward  Rutledge, 
Thomas  Haywood,  Jr., 
Thomas  Lynch,  Jr:, 
Arthur  Middleton. 

MASSACHUSETTS  BAY. 

Samuel  Adams, 
John  Adams, 
Robert  Treat  Paine, 
Eldridge  Gerry. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Roger  Sherman, 
Samuel  Huntingdon, 
William  Williams, 
Oliver  Wolcott. 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Richard  Stockton, 
John  Witherspoon, 
Francis  Hopkinson, 


John  Hart, 
Abraham  Clark. 

DELAWARE. 
Caesar  Rodney, 
George  Read, 
Thomas  M'kean. 

MARYLAND. 

Samuel  Chase, 
William  Paca, 
Thomas  Stone, 
Charles  Carroll, 
of  Carrollton. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 
William  Hooper, 
Joseph  Hewes, 
John  Penn. 

GEORGIA. 
Button  Gwinnett, 
Lyman  Hall, 
George  Walton. 


Chapter  XII. 
CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


preamble. 

We,  the  People  of  the  United  States,  in  order  to  form  a 
more  perfect  union,  establish  justice,  insure  domestic  tran- 
quility, provide  for  the  common  defence,  promote  the  general 
welfare,  and  secure  the  blessings  of  liberty  to  ourselves  and 
our  posterity,  do  ordain  and  establish  this  Constitution  for  the 
United  States  of  America. 


4^  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

Article  I. 

LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT. 

Section  i.    Division  into  Two  Houses. 

I.  All  legislative  powers  herein  granted  shall  be  vested  in 
a  Congress  of  the  United  States,  which  shall  consist  of  a 
Senate  and  House  of  Representatives. 

Section  2.    House  of  Representatives. 

1.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  be  composed  of 
members  chosen  every  second  year  by  the  people  of  the  several 
States;  and  the  electors  in  each  State  shall  have  the  qualifica- 
tions requisite  for  electors  of  the  most  numerous  branch  of  the 
State  Legislature. 

2.  No  person  shall  be  a  Representative  who  shall  not 
have  attained  to  the  age  of  twenty-five  years,  and  been  seven 
years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  who  shall  not,  when 
elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that  State  in  which  he  shall  be 
chosen. 

3.  Representatives  and  direct  taxes  shall  be  apportioned 
among  the  several  States  which  may  be  included  within  this 
Union,  according  to  their  respective  numbers,  which  shall  be 
determined  by  adding  to  the  whole  number  of  free  persons, 
including  those  bound  to  service  for  a  term  of  years,  and 
excluding  Indians  not  taxed,  three-fifths  of  all  other  persons. 
The  actual  enumeration  shall  be  made  within  three  years  after 
the  first  meeting  of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  and 
within  every  subsequent  term  of  ten  years,  in  such  manner 
as  they  shall  by  law  direct.  The  number  of  Representatives 
shall  not  exceed  one  for  every  thirty  thousand,  but  each  State 
shall  have  at  least  one  Representative ;  and  until  such  enumera- 
tion shall  be  made,  the  State  of  New  Hampshire  shall  be 
entitled  to  choose  three;  Massachusetts,  eight;  Rhode  Island 
and  Providence  Plantations,  one;  Connecticut,  five;  New 
York,  six;  New  Jersey,  four;  Pennsylvania,  eight;  Delaware, 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  43 

one;  Maryland,  six;  Virginia,  ten;  North  Carolina,  five;  South 
Carolina,  five;  and  Georgia,  three. 

4.  When  vacancies  happen  in  the  representation  from  any 
State,  the  executive  authority  thereof  shall  issue  writs  of  elec- 
tion to  fill  such  vacancies. 

5.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  their 
Speaker  and  other  officers,  and  shall  have  the  sole  power  of 
impeachment. 

Section  3.     Senate, 

1.  The  Senate  of  the  United  States  shall  be  composed  of 
two  Senators  from  each  State,  chosen  by  the  Legislature 
thereof,  for  six  years;  and  each  Senator  shall  have  one  vote. 

2.  Immediately  after  they  shall  be  assembled  in  conse- 
quence of  the  first  election,  they  shall  be  divided,  as  equally 
as  may  be,  into  three  classes.  The  seats  of  the  Senators  of 
the  first  class  shall  be  vacated  at  the  expiration  of  the  second 
year;  of  the  second  class  at  the  expiration  of  the  fourth  year; 
and  of  the  third  class  at  the  expiration  of  the  sixth  year;  so 
that  one-third  may  be  chosen  every  second  year;  and  if  vacan- 
cies happen,  by  resignation  or  otherwise,  during  the  recess  of 
the  Legislature  of  any  State,  the  Executive  thereof  may  make 
temporary  appointments,  until  the  next  meeting  of  the  Legisla- 
ture, which  shall  then  fill  such  vacancies. 

3.  No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  who  shall  not  have 
attained  to  the  age  of  thirty  years,  and  been  nine  years  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  who  shall  not,  when  elected, 
be  an  inhabitant  of  that  State  for  which  he  shall  be  chosen. 

4.  The  Vice-President  of  the  United  States  shall  be 
President  of  the  Senate,  but  shall  have  no  vote,  unless  they  be 
equally  divided. 

5.  The  Senate  shall  choose  their  other  officers,  and  also  a 
President  pro  tempore,  in  the  absence  of  the  Vice-President, 
or  when  he  shall  exercise  the  office  of  President  of  the  United 
States. 


44  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

6.  The  Senate  shall  have  the  sole  power  to  try  all  im- 
peachments; when  sitting  for  that  purpose,  they  shall  be  on 
oath  or  affirmation.  When  the  President  of  the  United  States 
is  tried,  the  Chief-Justice  shall  preside ;  and  no  person  shall  be 
convicted  without  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds  of  the  mem- 
bers present. 

7.  Judgment,  in  cases  of  impeachment,  shall  not  extend 
further  than  to  removal  from  office,  and  disqualification  to  hold 
and  enjoy  any  office  of  honor,  trust,  or  profit,  under  the  United 
States;  but  the  party  convicted  shall,  nevertheless,  be  liable 
and  subject  to  indictment,  trial,  judgment  and  punishment, 
according  to  law. 

Section  4.    Elections  and  Meetings  of  Congress. 

1.  The  times,  places,  and  manner  of  holding  elections  for 
Senators  and  Representatives  shall  be  prescribed  in  each  State 
by  the  Legislature  thereof ;  but  the  Congress  may  at  any  time, 
by  law,  make  or  alter  such  regulations,  except  as  to  the  places 
of  choosing  Senators. 

2.  The  Congress  shall  assemble  at  least  once  in  every 
year ;  and  such  meeting  shall  be  on  the  first  Monday  in  Decem- 
ber, unless  they  shall,  by  law,  appoint  a  different  day. 

Section  5.    Powers  and  Duties  of  the  Houses. 

1.  Each  House  shall  be  the  judge  of  the  elections,  re- 
turns, and  qualifications  of  its  own  members;  and  a  majority 
of  each  shall  constitute  a  quorum  to  do  business ;  but  a  smaller 
number  may  adjourn  from  day  to  day,  and  may  be  authorized 
to  compel  the  attendance  of  absent  members,  in  such  manner, 
and  under  such  penalties,  as  each  House  may  provide. 

2.  Each  House  may  determine  the  rules  of  its  proceed- 
ings, punish  its  members  for  disorderly  behavior,  and,  with 
the  concurrence  of  two-thirds,  expel  a  member. 

3.  Each  House  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  proceedings, 
and  from  time  to  time  publish  the  same,  excepting  such  parts 
as  may,  in  their  judgment,  require  secrecy;  and  the  yeas  and 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  45 

nays  of  the  members  of  either  House,  on  any  question,  shall, 
at  the  desire  of  one-fifth  of  those  present,  be  entered  on  the 
journal. 

4.  Neither  House,  during  the  session  of  Congress,  shall, 
without  the  consent  of  the  other,  adjourn  for  more  than  three 
days,  nor  to  any  other  place  than  that  in  which  the  two  Houses 
shall  be  sitting. 

Section  6.    Privileges  of  and  Prohibitions  upon  Members, 

1.  The  Senators  and  Representatives  shall  receive  a  com- 
pensation for  their  services,  to  be  ascertained  by  law,  and  paid 
out  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States.  They  shall,  in  all 
cases  except  treason,  felony,  and  breach  of  the  peace,  be 
privileged  from  arrest  during  their  attendance  at  the  session 
of  their  respective  Houses,  and  in  going  to  and  returning  from 
the  same ;  and  for  any  speech  or  debate  in  either  House,  they 
shall  not  be  questioned  in  any  other  place. 

2.  No  Senator  or  Representative  shall,  during  the  time 
for  which  he  was  elected,  be  appointed  to  any  civil  office  under 
the  authority  of  the  United  States,  which  shall  have  been 
created,  or  the  emoluments  whereof  shall  have  been  increased, 
during  such  time;  and  no  person  holding  any  office  under  the 
United  States  shall  be  a  member  of  either  House  during  his 
continuance  in  office. 

Section  /.     Revenue  Bills:  President's  Veto. 

1.  All  bills  for  raising  revenue  shall  originate  in  the 
House  of  Representatives;  but  the  Senate  may  propose,  or 
concur  with,  amendments,  as  on  other  bills. 

2.  Every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives and  the  Senate  shall,  before  it  becomes  a  law,  be 
presented  to  the  President  of  the  United  States;  if  he  approve, 
he  shall  sign  it ;  but  if  not,  he  shall  return  it,  with  his  objections, 
to  that  House  in  which  it  shall  have  originated,  who  shall  enter 
the  objections  at  large  on  their  journal,  and  proceed  to  recon- 
sider it.     If,  after  such  reconsideration,  two-thirds  of  that 


46  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

House  shall  agree  to  pass  the  bill,  it  shall  be  sent,  together  with 
the  objections,  to  the  other  House,  by  which  it  shall  likewise 
be  reconsidered,  and,  if  approved  by  two-thirds  of  that  House, 
it  shall  become  a  law.  But,  in  all  such  cases,  the  votes  of  both 
Houses  shall  be  determined  by  yeas  and  nays,  and  the  names 
of  the  persons  voting  for  and  against  the  bills  shall  be  entered 
on  the  journal  of  each  House  respectively.  H  any  bill  shall 
not  be  returned  by  the  President  within  ten  days  (Sundays 
excepted)  after  it  shall  have  been  presented  to  him,  the  same 
shall  be  a  law,  in  like  manner  as  if  he  had  signed  it,  unless  the 
Congress,  by  their  adjournment,  prevent  its  return,  in  which 
case  it  shall  not  be  a  law. 

3.  Every  order,  resolution,  or  vote  to  which  the  concur- 
rence of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  may  be 
necessary  (except  on  a  question  of  adjournment),  shall  be 
presented  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  and  before 
the  same  shall  take  effect,  shall  be  approved  by  him,  or,  being 
disapproved  by  him,  shall  be  repassed  by  two-thirds  of  the 
Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  according  to  the  rules 
and  limitations  prescribed  in  the  case  of  a  bill.  J 

Section  8.     Legislative  Powers  of  Congress. 

The  Congress  shall  have  power : 

1.  To  lay  and  collect  taxes,  duties,  imposts,  and  excises 
to  pay  the  debts  and  provide  for  the  common  defence  and 
general  welfare  of  the  United  States;  but  all  duties,  imposts, 
and  excises  shall  be  uniform  throughout  the  United  States: 

2.  To  borrow  money  on  the  credit  of  the  United  States  : 

3.  To  regulate  commerce  with  foreign  nations,  and 
among  the  several  States,  and  with  the  Indian  tribes : 

4.  To  establish  a  uniform  rule  of  naturalization,  and  uni- 
form laws  on  the  subject  of  bankruptcies  throughout  the 
United  States: 

5.  To  coin  money;  to  regulate  the  value  thereof,  and  of 
foreign  coin;  and  fix  the  standard  of  weights  and  measures: 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  47 

6.  To  provide  for  the  punishment  of  counterfeiting  the 
securities  and  current  coin  of  the  United  States: 

7.  To  estabHsh  post-offices  and  post-roads : 

8.  To  promote  the  progress  of  science  and  useful  arts,  by 
securing  for  Hmited  times,  to  authors  and  inventors,  the  ex- 
clusive right  to  their  respective  writings  and  discoveries : 

9.  To  constitute  tribunals  inferior  to  the  Supreme  Court : 

10.  To  define  and  punish  piracies  and  felonies  committed 
on  the  high  seas,  and  offences  against  the  law  of  nations : 

11.  To  declare  war;  grant  letters  of  marque  and  reprisal; 
and  make  rules  concerning  captures  on  land  and  water: 

12.  To  raise  and  support  armies;  but  no  appropriation  of 
money  to  that  use  shall  be  for  a  longer  term  than  two  years : 

13.  To  provide  and  maintain  a  navy : 

14.  To  make  rules  for  the  government  and  regulation  of 
the  land  and  naval  forces : 

15.  To  provide  for  calling  forth  the  militia  to  execute  the 
laws  of  the  Union,  suppress  insurrections,  and  repel  invasions : 

16.  To  provide  for  organizing,  arming,  and  disciplining 
the  militia,  and  for  governing  such  part  of  them  as  may  be 
employed  in  the  service  of  the  United  States ;  reserving  to  the 
States  respectively  the  appointment  of  the  officers,  and  the 
authority  of  training  the  militia  according  to  the  discipline 
prescribed  by  Congress : 

17.  To  exercise  exclusive  legislation  in  all  cases  whatso- 
ever over  such  district  (not  exceeding  ten  miles  square)  as 
may,  by  cession  of  particular  States  and  the  acceptance  of 
Congress,  become  the  seat  of  the  government  of  the  United 
States,  and  to  exercise  like  authority  over  all  places  purchased 
by  the  consent  of  the  Legislature  of  the  State  in  which  the 
same  shall  be,  for  the  erection  of  forts,  magazines,  arsenals, 
dockyards,  and  other  needful  buildings :  And 

18.  To  make  all  laws  which  shall  be  necessary  and  proper 
for  carrying  into  execution  the  foregoing  powers,  and  all  other 
powers  vested  by  this  Constitution  in  the  government  of  the 
United  States,  or  in  any  department  or  officer  thereof. 


48  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

Section  p.    Prohibitions  upon  the  United  States. 

1.  The  migration  or  importation  of  such  persons  as  any 
of  the  States  now  existing  shall  think  proper  to  admit,  shall 
not  be  prohibited  by  the  Congress  prior  to  the  year  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight;  but  a  tax  or  duty  may  be 
imposed  on  such  importation,  not  exceeding  ten  dollars  for 
each  person. 

2.  The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  shall  not  be 
suspended  unless  when,  in  cases  of  rebellion  or  invasion,  the 
public  safety  may  require  it. . 

3.  No  bill  of  attainder  or  ex  post  facto  law  shall  be 
passed. 

4.  No  capitation  or  other  direct  tax  shall  be  laid,  unless 
in  proportion  to  the  census  or  enumeration  hereinbefore 
directed  to  be  taken. 

5.  No  tax  or  duty  shall  be  laid  on  articles  exported  from 
any  State.  No  preference  shall  be  given,  by  any  regulation  of 
commerce  or  revenue,  to  the  ports  of  one  State  over  those  of 
another;  nor  shall  vessels  bound  to  or  from  one  State  be 
obliged  to  enter,  clear,  or  pay  duties  in  another. 

6.  No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  treasury,  but  in 
consequence  of  appropriations  made  by  law;  and  a  regular 
statement  and  account  of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  of  all 
public  money  shall  be  published  from  time  to  time. 

7.  No  title  of  nobility  shall  be  granted  by  the  United 
States ;  and  no  person  holding  any  office  of  profit  or  trust  under 
them  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  Congress,  accept  of  any 
present,  emolument,  office,  or  title  of  any  kind  whatever,  from 
any  king,  prince,  or  foreign  State. 

Section  10.    Prohibitions  upon  the  States. 

I.  No  State  shall  enter  into  any  treaty,  alliance,  or  con- 
federation; grant  letters  of  marque  and  reprisal;  coin  money; 
emit  bills  of  credit;  make  anything  but  gold  and  silver  coin 
a  tender  in  payment  of  debts;  pass  any  bill  of  attainder,  ex 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  49 

post  facto  law,  or  law  impairing  the  obligation  of  contracts; 
or  grant  any  title  of  nobility. 

2.  No  State  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  Congress, 
lay  any  imposts  or  duties  on  imports  or  exports,  except  what 
may  be  absolutely  necessary  for  executing  its  inspection  laws ; 
and  the  net  produce  of  all  duties  and  imposts  laid  by  any  State 
on  imports  or  exports,  shall  be  for  the  use  of  the  treasury 
of  the  United  States;  and  all  such  laws  shall  be  subject  to 
the  revision  and  control  of  the  Congress.  No  State  shall, 
without  the  consent  of  Congress,  lay  any  duty  on  tonnage, 
keep  troops  or  ships  of  war  in  time  of  peace,  enter  into  any 
agreement  or  compact  with  another  State,  or  with  a  foreign 
power,  or  engage  in  war  unless  actually  invaded,  or  in  such 
imminent  danger  as  will  not  admit  of  delay. 

Article  II. 

EXECUTIVE    department:    THE    PRESIDENT    AND    VICE- 
PRESIDENT. 

Section    i.      Term — Election — Qualifications — Salary — Oath 

of  Office. 

1.  The  executive  power  shall  be  vested  in  a  President 
of  the  United  States  of  America.  He  shall  hold  his  office 
during  the  term  of  four  years,  and,  together  with  the  Vice- 
President,  chosen  for  the  same  term,  be  elected  as  follows: 

2.  Each  State  shall  appoint,  in  such  manner  as  the  Legis- 
lature thereof  may  direct,  a  number  of  Electors  equal  to  the 
whole  number  of  Senators  and  Representatives  to  which  the 
State  may  be  entitled  in  the  Congress;  but  no  Senator  or 
Representative,  or  person  holding  an  office  of  trust  or  profit 
under  the  United  States,  shall  be  appointed  an  Elector. 

The  following  clause  has  been  superseded  by  Article  XII 
of  the  Amendments: 

3.  The  Electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  States,  and 
vote  by  ballot  for  two  persons,  of  whom  one  at  least  shall 


50  HOW    TO    BECOME    A     CITIZEN 

not  be  an  inhabitant  of  the  same  State  with  themselves.  And 
they  shall  make  a  list  of  all  the  persons  voted  for,  and  of  the 
number  of  votes  for  each,  which  list  they  shall  sign  and 
certify,  and  transmit,  sealed,  to  the  seat  of  the  government  of 
the  United  States,  directed  to  the  President  of  the  Senate. 
The  President  of  the  Senate  shall,  in  the  presence  of  the 
Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  open  all  the  certificates, 
and  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted.  The  person  having  the 
greatest  number  of  votes  shall  be  the  President,  if  such  num- 
ber be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  Electors  appointed ; 
and  if  there  be  more  than  one  who  have  such  majority,  and 
have  an  equal  number  of  votes,  then  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives shall  immediately  choose  by  ballot  one  of  them  for  Presi- 
dent; and  if  no  person  have  a  majority,  then,  from  the  five 
highest  on  the  list,  the  said  House  shall,  in  like  manner,  choose 
the  President.  But  in  choosing  the  President,  the  votes  shall 
be  taken  by  States,  the  representation  from  each  State  having 
one  vote;  a  quorum  for  this  purpose  shall  consist  of  a  mem- 
ber or  members  from  two-thirds  of  the  States,  and  a  majority 
of  the  States  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  In  every  case, 
after  the  choice  of  the  President,  the  person  having  the  greatest 
number  of  votes  of  the  Electors  shall  be  the  Vice-President. 
But  if  there  should  remain  two  or  more  who  have  equal  votes, 
the  Senate  shall  choose  from  them,  by  ballot,  the  Vice- 
President. 

4.  The  Congress  may  determine  the  time  of  choosing 
the  Electors,  and  the  day  on  which  they  shall  give  their  votes, 
which  day  shall  be  the  same  throughout  the  United  States. 

5.  No  person  except  a  native-born  citizen,  or  a  citizen 
of  the  United  States  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  this  Consti- 
tution, shall  be  eligible  to  the  office  of  President;  neither  shall 
any  person  be  eligible  to  that  office  who  shall  not  have  attained 
to  the  age  of  thirty-five  years,  and  been  fourteen  years  a  resi- 
dent within  the  United  States. 

6.  In  case  of  the  removal  of  the  President  from  office, 
or  of  his  death,   resignation,  or  inability  to  discharge  the 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  5 1 

powers  and  duties  of  the  said  office,  the  same  shall  devolve 
on  the  Vice-President,  and  the  Congress  may,  by  law,  provide 
for  the  case  of  removal,  death,  resignation,  or  inability,  both 
of  the  President  and  Vice-President,  declaring  what  officer 
shall  then  act  as  President;  and  such  officer  shall  act  accord- 
ingly, until  the  disability  be  removed,  or  a  President  shall  be 
elected. 

7.  The  President  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive  for  his 
services  a  compensation,  which  shall  neither  be  increased  nor 
diminished  during  the  period  for  which  he  shall  have  been 
elected ;  and  he  shall  not  receive,  within  that  period,  any  other 
emolument  from  the  United  States,  or  any  of  them. 

8.  Before  he  enter  on  the  execution  of  his  office,  he  shall 
take  the  following  oath  or  affirmation : 

"I  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  faithfully 
execute  the  office  of  President  of  the  United  States ;  and  will, 
to  the  best  of  my  ability,  preserve,  protect,  and  defend  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States." 

Section  2.    Presidents  Execntive  Powers, 

1.  The  President  shall  be  commander-in-chief  of  the 
army  and  navy  of  the  United  States,  and  of  the  militia  of  the 
several  States  when  called  into  the  actual  service  of  the  United 
States ;  he  may  require  the  opinion,  in  writing,  of  the  principal 
officer  in  each  of  the  executive  Departments  upon  any  sub- 
ject relating  to  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices;  and  he 
shall  have  power  to  grant  reprieves  and  pardons  for  oflFences 
against  the  United  States,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment. 

2.  He  shall  have  power  by  and  with  the  advice  and  con- 
sent of  the  Senate  to  make  treaties,  provided  two-thirds  of  the 
Senators  present  concur;  and  he  shall  nominate,  and  by  and 
with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate  shall  appoint,  am- 
bassadors, other  public  ministers  and  consuls,  judges  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  and  all  other  officers  of  the  United  States 
whose  appointments  are  not  herein  otherwise  provided  for, 
and  which  shall  be  established  by  law ;  but  the  Congress  may. 


52  HOW    TO    BECOME    A     CITIZEN 

by  law,  vest  the  appointment  of  such  inferior  officers  as  they 
think  proper,  in  the  President  alone,  in  the  courts  of  law,  or  in 
the  Heads  of  Departments. 

3.  The  President  shall  have  power  to  fill  up  all  vacancies 
that  may  happen  during  the  recess  of  the  Senate,  by  granting 
commissions  which  shall  expire  at  the  end  of  their  next  session. 

Section  j.    President's  Executive  Powers — Continued. 

I.  He  shall  from  time  to  time  give  to  the  Congress  in- 
formation of  the  state  of  the  Union;  and  recommend  to  their 
consideration  such  measures  as  he  shall  judge  necessary  and 
expedient.  He  may,  on  extraordinary  occasions,  convene  both 
Houses,  or  either  of  them,  and  in  case  of  disagreement  between 
them,  with  respect  to  the  time  of  adjournment,  he  may  adjourn 
them  to  such  time  as  he  shall  think  proper.  He  shall  receive 
ambassadors  and  other  public  ministers.  He  shall  take  care 
that  the  laws  be  faithfully  executed;  and  shall  commission  all 
the  officers  of  the  United  States. 

Section  4.     Impeachment. 

I.  The  President,  Vice-President,  and  all  civil  officers  of 
the  United  States  shall  be  removed  from  office  on  impeach- 
ment for,  and  conviction  of,  treason,  bribery,  or  other  high 
crimes  and  misdemeanors. 

Article  IH. 

judicial  department. 

Section  i.    Courts — Terms  of  Office. 

I.  The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  be  vested 
in  one  Supreme  Court,  and  in  such  inferior  Courts  as  the  Con- 
gress may,  from  time  to  time,  ordain  and  establish.  The 
judges  both  of  the  Supreme  and  inferior  Courts  shall  hold 
their  offices  during  good  behavior;  and  shall,  at  stated  times, 
receive  for  their  services  a  compensation  which  shall  not  be 
diminished  during  their  continuance  in  office. 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A     CITIZEN  53 

Section  2.    Jurisdiction. 

1.  The  judicial  power  shall  extend  to  all  cases  in  law 
and  equity  arising  under  this  Constitution,  the  laws  of  the 
United  States  and  treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made, 
under  their  authority ;  to  all  cases  afifecting  ambassadors,  other 
public  ministers,  and  consuls;  to  all  cases  of  admiralty  and 
maritime  jurisdiction;  to  controversies  to  which  the  United 
States  shall  be  a  party,  to  controversies  between  two  or  more 
States;  between  a  State  and  citizens  of  another  State;  between 
citizens  of  different  States ;  between  citizens  of  the  same  State 
claiming  lands  under  grants  of  different  States;  and  between 
a  State,  or  the  citizens  thereof,  and  foreign  States,  citizens,  or 
subjects. 

2.  In  all  cases  affecting  ambassadors,  other  public  minis- 
ters and  consuls,  and  those  in  which  a  State  shall  be  a  party, 
the  Supreme  Court  shall  have  original  jurisdiction.  In  all 
the  other  cases  before  mentioned,  the  Supreme  Court  shall 
have  appellate  jurisdiction,  both  as  to  law  and  fact,  with  such 
exceptions,  and  under  such  regulations,  as  the  Congress  shall 
make. 

3.  The  trial  of  all  crimes,  except  in  cases  of  impeach- 
ment, shall  be  by  jury ;  and  such  trial  shall  be  held  in  the  State 
where  the  said  crimes  shall  have  been  committed;  but  when 
not  committed  within  any  State,  the  trial  shall  be  at  such  place 
or  places  as  the  Congress  may  by  law  have  directed. 

Section  j.    Treason. 

1.  Treason  against  the  United  States  shall  consist  only  in 
levying  war  against  them,  or  in  adhering  to  their  enemies, 
giving  them  aid  and  comfort.  No  person  shall  be  convicted 
of  treason,  unless  on  the  testimony  of  two  witnesses  to  the 
same  overt  act,  or  on  confession  in  open  court. 

2.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  declare  the  punish- 
ment of  treason;  but  no  attainder  of  treason  shall  \,ork  cor- 
ruption of  blood,  or  forfeiture,  except  during  the  life  of  the 
person  attainted. 


54  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

Article  IV. 

RELATIONS  OF  STATES. 

Section  i.     Public  Records. 

I.  Full  faith  and  credit  shall  be  given,  in  each  State,  to 
the  public  acts,  records,  and  judicial  proceedings  of  every 
Other  State.  And  the  Congress  may,  by  general  laws,  pre- 
scribe the  manner  in  which  such  acts,  records,  and  proceedings 
shall  be  proved,  and  the  effect  thereof. 

Section  2.    Rights  in  One  State  of  Citizens  of  Another, 

1.  The  citizens  of  each  State  shall  be  entitled  to  all  the 
privileges  and  immunities  of  citizens  in  the  several  States. 

2.  A  person  charged  in  any  State  with  treason,  felony, 
or  other  crime,  who  shall  flee  from  justice  and  be  found  in 
another  State,  shall,  on  demand  of  the  executive  authority  of 
the  State  from  which  he  fled,  be  delivered  up,  to  be  removed 
to  the  State  having  jurisdiction  of  the  crime. 

3.  No  person  held  to  service  or  labor  in  one  State,  under 
the  laws  thereof,  escaping  into  another,  shall,  in  consequence 
of  any  law  or  regulation  therein,  be  discharged  from  such 
service  or  labor;  but  shall  be  delivered  up  on  claim  of  the 
party  to  whom  such  service  or  labor  may  be  due. 

Section  j.     New  States — Territories. 

1.  New  States  may  be  admitted  by  the  Congress  into  this 
Union ;  but  no  new  State  shall  be  formed  or  erected  within  the 
jurisdiction  of  any  other  State,  nor  any  State  be  formed  by  the 
junction  of  two  or  more  States,  or  parts  of  States,  without 
the  consent  of  the  Legislatures  of  the  States  concerned,  as 
well  as  of  the  Congress. 

2.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  dispose  of,  and 
make  all  needful  rules  and  regulations  respecting,  the  terri- 
tory or  other  property  belonging  to  the  United  States;  and 
nothing  in  this  Constitution  shall  be  so  construed  as  to  preju- 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  55 

dice  any  claims  of  the  United  States,  or  of  any  particular 
State. 

Section  4.    Protection  afforded  to  States  by  the  Nation. 

I.  The  United  States  shall  guarantee  to  every  State  in 
this  Union  a  republican  form  of  government;  and  shall  protect 
each  of  them  against  invasion,  and  on  application  of  the  Legis- 
lature, or  of  the  Executive  (when  the  Legislature  cannot  be 
convened),  against  domestic  violence. 

Article  V. 

AMENDMENT. 

The  Congress,  whenever  two-thirds  of  both  Houses  shall 
deem  it  necessary,  shall  propose  amendments  to  this  Constitu- 
tion, or,  on  the  application  of  the  Legislatures  of  two-thirds 
of  the  several  States,  shall  call  a  convention  for  proposing 
amendments ;  which,  in  either  case,  shall  be  valid  to  all  intents 
and  purposes,  as  part  of  this  Constitution,  when  ratified  by 
the  Legislatures  of  three-fourths  of  the  several  States,  or  by 
conventions  in  three-fourths  thereof,  as  the  one  or  the  other 
mode  of  ratification  may  be  proposed  by  the  Congress;  pro- 
vided that  no  amendment  which  may  be  made  prior  to  the 
year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight  shall  in  any  manner 
affect  the  first  and  fourth  clauses  in  the  ninth  section  of  the 
first  article;  and  that  no  State,  without  its  consent,  shall  be 
deprived  of  its  equal  suffrage  in  the  Senate. 

Article  VL 

NATIONAL  debts — SUPREMACY  OF  NATIONAL  LAW— OATH. 

1.  All  debts  contracted,  and  engagements  entered  into, 
before  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution  shall  be  as  valid 
against  the  United  States  under  this  Constitution  as  under 
the  Confederation. 

2.  This  Constitution,  and  the  laws  of  the  United  States 
which  shall  be  made  in  pursuance  thereof,  and  all  treaties 


56  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

made  or  which  shall  be  made  under  the  authority  of  the  United 
States,  shall  be  the  supreme  law  of  the  land,  and  the  judges 
in  every  State  shall  be  bound  thereby,  anything  in  the  Con- 
stitution or  laws  of  any  State  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 
3.  The  Senators  and  Representatives  before  mentioned, 
and  the  members  of  the  several  Legislatures,  and  all  executive 
and  judicial  officers,  both  of  the  United  States  and  of  the 
several  States,  shall  be  bound,  by  oath  or  affirmation,  to  sup- 
port this  Constitution;  but  no  religious  test  shall  ever  be  re- 
quired as  a  qualification  to  any  office  or  public  trust  under 
the  United  States. 

Article  VII. 

ESTABLISHMENT  OF  CONSTITUTION. 

The  ratification  of  the  conventions  of  nine  States  shall  be 
sufficient  for  the  establishment  of  this  Constitution  between 
the  States  so  ratifying  the  same. 

[Constitution  ratified  by  States,  1 787-1 790.] 


AMENDMENTS. 
Article  I. 

FREEDOM  OF  RELIGION,  OF  SPEECH,  AND  OF  THE  PRESS RIGHT 

OF  PETITION. 

Congress  shall  make  no  law  respecting  an  establishment  of 
religion,  or  prohibiting  the  free  exercise  thereof ;  or  abridging 
the  freedom  of  speech  or  of  the  press;  or  the  right  of  the 
people  peaceably  to  assemble,  and  to  petition  the  government 
for  a  redress  of  grievances.  ^^^^p^^^  ^^^^^ 

Article  II. 

RIGHT  TO  KEEP  ARMS. 

A  well-regulated  militia  being  necessary  to  the  security 
of  a  free  State,  the  right  of  the  people  to  keep  and  bear  arms 
shall  not  be  infringed.  ^^^^p^^^  ^^^^^ 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  57 

Article  III. 

QUARTERING  OF  SOLDIERS  IN  PRIVATE  HOUSES. 

No  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be  quartered  in  any 
house  without  the  consent  of  the  owner ;  nor  in  a  time  of  war, 
but  in  a  manner  to  be  prescribed  by  law. 

[Adopted  1 791.] 
Article  IV. 

SEARCH   WARRANTS. 

The  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure  in  their  persons, 
houses,  papers,  and  effects,  against  unreasonable  searches  and 
seizures,  shall  not  be  violated ;  and  no  warrant  shall  issue  but 
upon  probable  cause,  supported  by  oath  or  affirmation,  and 
particularly  describing  the  place  to  be  searched  and  the  person 
or  things  to  be  seized. 

[Adopted  1 791.] 
Article  V. 

CRIMINAL  proceedings. 

No  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for  a  capital  or  other- 
wise infamous  crime,  unless  on  a  presentment  or  indictment 
of  a  grand  jury,  except  in  cases  arising  in  the  land  or  naval 
forces,  or  in  the  militia  when  in  actual  service,  in  time  of  war 
or  public  danger;  nor  shall  any  person  be  subject,  for  the 
same  offence,  to  be  twice  put  in  jeopardy  of  life  or  limb,  nor 
shall  be  compelled,  in  any  criminal  case,  to  be  a  witness  against 
himself;  nor  be  deprived  of  life,  liberty,  or  property  without 
due  process  of  law;  nor  shall  private  property  be  taken  for 
public  use  without  just  compensation. 

[Adopted  1 791.] 
Article  VI. 

CRIMINAL   PROCEEDINGS. 

In  all  criminal  prosecutions,  the  accused  shall  enjoy  the 
right  to  a  speedy  and  public  trial  by  an  impartial  jury  of  the 
State  and  district  wherein  the  crime  shall  have  been  com- 
mitted, which  district  shall  have  been  previously  ascertained 


58  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

by  law,  and  to  be  informed  of  the  nature  and  cause  of  the 
accusation;  to  be  confronted  with  the  witnesses  against  him; 
to  have  compulsory  process  for  obtaining  witnesses  in  his 
favor;  and  to  have  the  assistance  of  counsel  for  his  defence. 

[Adopted  1 791.] 
Article  VII. 

JURY  TRIAL  IN  CIVIL  CASES. 

In  suits  at  common  law,  where  the  value  in  controversy 
shall  exceed  twenty  dollars,  the  right  of  trial  by  jury  shall  be 
preserved,  and  no  fact  tried  by  a  jury  shall  be  otherwise  re- 
examined in  any  court  of  the  United  States  than  according  to 
the  rules  of  the  common  law. 

[Adopted  1 791.] 
Article  VIII. 

EXCESSIVE  PUNISHMENTS. 

Excessive  bail  shall  not  be  required,  nor  excessive  fines 
imposed,  nor  cruel  and  unusual  punishments  inflicted. 

[Adopted  1 791.] 
Article  IX. 

rights.  OF  people  not  named. 
The  enumeration  in  the  Constitution  of  certain  rights  shall 
not  be  construed  to  deny  or  disparage  others  retained  by  the 
people. 

[Adopted  1 79 1.] 
Article  X. 

POWERS  RESERVED  TO  STATES. 

The  powers  not  delegated  to  the  United  States,  by  the 
Constitution,  nor  prohibited  by  it  to  the  States,  are  reserved 
to  the  States  respectively,  or  to  the  people. 

[Adopted  1 791.] 
Article  XL 

SUITS  against  states. 
The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  not  be  con- 
strued to  extend  to  any  suit  in  law  or  equity,  commenced  or 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 


59 


prosecuted  against  one  of  the  United  States  by  citizens  of 
another  State,  or  by  citizens  or  subjects  of  any  foreign  State. 

[Adopted  1798.] 

Article  XII. 

ELECTION  OF  PRESIDENT  AND  VICE-PRESIDENT. 

1.  The  Electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  States  and 
vote  by  ballot  for  President  and  Vice-President,  one  of  whom 
at  least  shall  not  be  an  inhabitant  of  the  same  State  with  them- 
selves; they  shall  name  in  their  ballots  the  person  voted  for 
as  President,  and  in  distinct  ballots  the  person  voted  for  as 
Vice-President,  and  they  shall  make  distinct  lists  of  all  persons 
voted  for  as  President,  and  of  all  persons  voted  for  as  Vice- 
President,  and  of  the  number  of  votes  for  each,  which  lists 
they  shall  sign  and  certify,  and  transmit,  sealed,  to  the  seat  of 
the  government  of  the  United  States,  directed  to  the  President 
of  the  Senate; — the  President  of  the  Senate  shall,  in  the 
presence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  open 
jill  the  certificates,  and  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted; — the 
person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  for  President  shall 
be  the  President,  if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole 
number  of  Electors  appointed;  and  if  no  person  have  such 
majority,  then,  from  the  persons  having  the  highest  numbers, 
not  exceeding  three,  on  the  list  of  those  voted  for  as  President, 
the  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  immediately,  by 
ballot,  the  President.  But  in  choosing  the  President,  the  votes 
shall  be  taken  by  States,  the  Representatives  from  each  State 
having  one  vote;  a  quorum  for  this  purpose  shall  consist  of  a 
member  or  members  from  two-thirds  of  the  States,  and  a 
majority  of  all  the  States  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  And 
if  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  not  choose  a  President 
whenever  the  right  of  choice  shall  devolve  upon  them,  before 
the  fourth  day  of  March  next  following,  then  the  Vice-Presi- 
dent shall  act  as  President,  as  in  the  case  of  the  death  or  other 
constitutional  disability  of  the  President. 

2.  The  jjj«!rson  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  as 


60  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

Vice-President  shall  be  the  Vice-President,  if  such  number 
be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  Electors  appointed ;  and 
if  no  person  have  a  majority,  then,  from  the  two  highest  num- 
bers on  the  list,  the  Senate  shall  choose  the  Vice-President ;  a 
quorum  for  the  purpose  shall  consist  of  two-thirds  of  the 
whole  number  of  Senators,  and  a  majority  of  the  whole  num- 
ber shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice. 

3.  But  no  person  constitutionally  ineligible  to  the  office  of 
President  shall  be  eligible  to  that  of  Vice-President  of  the 
United  States. 

[Adopted  1804.] 

Article  XIIL 

SLAVERY. 

Section  i.    Abolition  of  Slavery. 

Neither  slavery  nor  involuntary  servitude,  except  as  a  pun- 
ishment for  crime,  whereof  the  party  shall  have  been  duly  con- 
victed, shall  exist  within  the  United  States,  or  any  place  subject 
to  their  jurisdiction. 

Section  2.    Power  of  Congress. 

Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this  article  by  appro- 
priate legislation. 

[Adopted  1865.] 

Article  XIV. 

CIVIL  RIGHTS — ^apportionment  OF  REPRESENTATIVES POLIT- 
ICAL DISABILITIES PUBLIC    DEBT. 

Section  i.    Civil  Rights. 

All  persons  born  or  naturalized  in  the  United  States,  and 
subject  to  the  jurisdiction  thereof,  are  citizens  of  the  United 
States  and  of  the  State  wherein  they  reside.  No  State  shall 
make  or  enforce  any  law  which  shall  abridge  the  privileges  or 
immunities  of  citizens  of  the  United  States;  nor  shall  any 
State  deprive  any  person  of  life,  liberty,  or  property  without 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  6l 

due  process  of  law,  nor  deny  to  any  person  within  its  jurisdic- 
tion the  equal  protection  of  the  laws. 

Section  2.  Apportionment  of  Representatives. 
Representatives  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  several 
States  according  to  their  respective  numbers,  counting  the 
whole  number  of  persons  in  each  State,  excluding  Indians  not 
taxed.  But  when  the  right  to  vote  at  any  election  for  the  choice 
of  Electors  for  President  and  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States,  Representatives  in  Congress,  the  executive  and  judicial 
officers  of  a  State,  or  the  members  of  the  Legislature  thereof, 
is  denied  to  any  of  the  male  inhabitants  of  such  State,  being 
twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  citizens  of  the  United  States,  or 
in  any  way  abridged,  except  for  participation  in  rebellion  or 
other  crime,  the  basis  of  representation  therein  shall  be  reduced 
in  the  proportion  which  the  number  of  such  male  citizens  shall 
bear  to  the  whole  number  of  male  citizens  twenty-one  years  of 
age  in  such  State. 

Section  j.  Political  Disabilities. 
No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  or  Representative  in  Congress, 
or  Elector  of  President  and  Vice-President,  or  hold  any  office, 
civil  or  military,  under  the  United  States,  or  under  any  State, 
who,  having  previously  taken  an  oath,  as  a  member  of  Con- 
gress, or  as  an  officer  of  the  United  States,  or  as  a  member  of 
any  State  Legislature,  or  as  an  executive  or  judicial  officer  of 
any  State,  to  support  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States, 
shall  have  engaged  in  insurrection  or  rebellion  against  the  same, 
or  given  aid  or  comfort  to  the  enemies  thereof.  But  Congress 
may,  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of  each  House,  remove  such 
disability. 

Section  4.    Public  Debt. 

The  validity  of  the  public  debt  of  the   United   States, 

authorized  by  law,  including  debts  incurred  for  payment  of 

pensions  and  bounties  for  services  in  suppressing  insurrection 

or  rebellion,  shall  not  be  questioned.     But  neither  the  United 


62  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

States  nor  any  State  shall  assume  or  pay  any  debt  or  obligation 
incurred  in  aid  of  insurrection  or  rebellion  against  the  United 
States,  or  any  claim  for  loss  or  emancipation  of  any  slave; 
but  all  such  debts,  obligations,  and  claims  shall  be  held  illegal 
and  void. 

Section  5.    Power  of  Congress. 

The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce,  by  appropriate 
legislation,  the  provisions  of  this  article. 

[Adopted  1868.] 
Article  XV. 

RIGHT  OF  suffrage. 

Section  i.    Right  of  Negro  to  Vote. 
The  right  of  citizens  of  the  United  States  to  vote  shall  not 
be  denied  or  abridged  by  the  United  States,  or  by  any  State, 
on  account  of  race,  color,  or  previous  condition  of  servitude. 

Section  2.     Power  of  Congress. 
The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this  article  by 
appropriate  legislation. 

[Adopted  1870.] 

Chapter  XIII. 
NATURALIZATION  LAWS  AND  REGULATIONS. 

Naturalization  Laws. 
[In  regard  to  the  acquisition  of  citizenship  by  other  means 
than  naturalization,  see  Sections  1992  to  1995,  inclusive,  of 
the  United  States  Revised  Statutes.     See  also  Section  2172  of 
the  Revised  Statutes.] 

United  States  Revised  Statutes. 

TiTLE^  Naturalization. 

Honorably  Discharged  Soldiers  Exempt  from  Certain  For- 

malities. 
Sec.  2166.    Any  alien,  of  the  age  of  twenty-one  years  and 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  63 

Upward,  who  has  enlisted,  or  may  enlist,  in  the  armies  of  the 
United  States,  either  the  regular  or  the  volunteer  forces,  and 
has  been,  or  may  be  hereafter,  honorably  discharged,  shall  be 
admitted  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  upon  his 
petition,  without  any  previous  declaration  of  his  intention  to 
become  such ;  and  he  shall  not  be  required  to  prove  more  than 
one  year's  residence  within  the  United  States  previous  to  his 
application  to  become  such  citizen;  and  the  court  admitting 
such  alien  shall,  in  addition  to  such  proof  of  residence  and 
good  moral  character,  as  now  provided  by  law,  be  satisfied  by 
competent  proof  of  such  person's  having  been  honorably  dis- 
charged from  the  service  of  the  United  States. 

Aliens  of  African  Nativity  and  Descent. 

Sec.  2169.  (^^  amended,  1875.) — The  provisions  of  this 
title  shall  apply  to  aliens  being  free  white  persons,  and  to 
aliens  of  African  nativity  and  to  persons  of  African  descent. 

Naturalisation  to  Alien  Enemies  Prohibited. 

Sec.  21 71.  No  alien  who  is  a  native  citizen  or  subject,  or 
a  denizen  of  any  country,  state  or  sovereignty  with  which  the 
United  States  are  at  war,  at  the  time  of  his  application,  shall 
be  then  admitted  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States; 
but  persons  resident  within  the  United  States,  or  the  Terri- 
tories thereof,  on  the  eighteenth  day  of  June,  in  the  year  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  twelve,  who  had  before  that  day 
made  a  declaration,  according  to  law,  of  their  intention  to 
become  citizens  of  the  United  States,  or  who  were  on  that 
day  entitled  to  become  citizens,  without  making  such  declara- 
tion, may  be  admitted  to  become  citizens  thereof,  notwith- 
standing they  were  alien  enemies  at  the  time  and  in  the  manner 
prescribed  by  the  laws  heretofore  passed  on  that  subject;  nor 
shall  anything  herein  contained  be  taken  or  construed  to  inter- 
fere with  or  prevent  the  apprehension  and  removal,  agreeably 
to  law,  of  any  alien  enemy  at  any  time  previous  to  the  actual 
naturalization  of  such  alien. 


04  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

Alien  Seamen  of  Merchant  Vessels. 
Sec.  2174.  Every  seaman,  being  a  foreigner,  who  declares 
his  intention  of  becoming  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  in  any 
competent  court,  and  shall  have  served  three  years  on  board 
of  a  merchant  vessel  of  the  United  States  subsequent  to  the 
date  of  such  declaration,  may,  on  his  application  to  any  com- 
petent court,  and  the  production  of  his  certificate  of  discharge 
and  good  conduct  during  that  time,  together  with  the  certifi- 
cate of  his  declaration  of  intention  to  become  a  citizen,  be 
admitted  a  citizen  of  the  United  States;  and  every  seaman, 
being  a  foreigner,  shall,  after  his  declaration  of  intention  to 
become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  after  he  shall  have 
served  such  three  years,  be  deemed  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States  for  the  purpose  of  manning  and  serving  on  board  any 
merchant  vessel  of  the  United  States,  anything  to  the  contrary 
in  any  act  of  Congress  notwithstanding;  but  such  seaman  shall, 
for  all  purposes  of  protection  as  an  American  citizen,  be 
deemed  such,  after  the  filing  of  his  declaration  of  intention  to 
become  such  citizen. 

Twenty-second  Statutes  at  Large^  Page  58. 

Naturalisation  of  Chinese  Prohibited. 

Sec.  14.  That  hereafter  no  State  court  or  court  of  the 
United  States  shall  admit  Chinese  to  citizenship;  and  all  laws 
in  conflict  with  this  act  are  hereby  repealed. 

Twenty-eighth  Statutes  at  Large,  Page  124. 

Aliens  Honorably  Discharged  from  Service  in  Navy  or  Marine 

Corps. 

Any  alien  of  the  age  of  twenty-one  years  and  upward  who 
has  enlisted  or  may  enlist  in  the  United  States  Navy  or  Marine 
Corps,  and  has  served  or  may  hereafter  serve  five  consecutive 
years  in  the  United  States  Navy  or  one  enlistment  in  the 
United  States  Marine  Corps,  and  has  been  or  may  hereafter 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  65 

be  honorably  discharged,  shall  be  admitted  to  become  a  citizen 
of  the  United  States  upon  his  petition,  without  any  previous 
declaration  of  his  intention  to  become  such;  and  the  court 
admitting  such  alien  shall,  in  addition  to  proof  of  good  moral 
character,  be  satisfied  by  competent  proof  of  such  person's 
service  in  and  honorable  discharge  from  the  United  States 
Navy  or  Marine  Corps. 

An  Act  to  Validate  Certain  Certificates  of  Natural- 
ization. 

[Stat.  1905-6,  Part  I,  630.] 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 
of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That 
naturalization  certificates  issued  after  the  Act  approved  March 
third,  nineteen  hundred  and  three,  entitled  "An  Act  to  regulate 
the  immigration  of  aliens  into  the  United  States,"  went  into 
effect,  which  fail  to  show  that  the  courts  issuing  said  certifi- 
cates complied  with  the  requirements  of  section  thirty-nine  of 
said  Act,  but  which  were  otherwise  lawfully  issued,  are  hereby 
declared  to  be  as  valid  as  though  said  certificates  complied  with 
said  section.  Provided,  That  in  all  such  cases  applications  shall 
be  made  for  new  naturalization  certificates,  and  when  the  same 
are  granted,  upon  compliance  with  the  provisions  of  said  Act 
of  nineteen  hundred  and  three,  they  shall  relate  back  to  the 
defective  certificates,  and  citizenship  shall  be  deemed  to  have 
been  perfected  at  the  date  of  the  defective  certificate. 

Sec.  2.  That  all  the  records  relating  to  naturalization,  all 
declarations  of  intention  to  become  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  and  all  certificates  of  naturalization  filed,  recorded,  or 
issued  prior  to  the  time  when  this  Act  takes  effect  in  or  from 
the  criminal  court  of  Cook  County,  Illinois,  shall  for  all  pur- 
poses be  deemed  to  be  and  to  have  been  made,  filed,  recorded, 
or  issued  by  a  court  with  jurisdiction  to  naturalize  aliens,  but 
shall  not  be  by  this  Act  further  validated  or  legalized. 

Approved,  June  29,  1906. 


66  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

Chapter  XIV. 

NATURALIZATION  ACT  OF  JUNE  29,  1906. 

An  Act  to  Establish  a  Bureau  of  Immigration  and  Natural- 
ization, and  to  Provide  for  a  Uniform  Rule  for  the 
Naturalization    of    Aliens    Throughout    the 
United  States. 

[Stat.  1905-6,  Part  I,  p.  596.] 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 
of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That 
the  designation  of  the  Bureau  of  Immigration  in  the  Depart- 
ment of  Commerce  and  Labor  is  hereby  changed  to  the 
"Bureau  of  Immigration  and  Naturalization,"  which  said 
Bureau,  under  the  direction  and  control  of  the  Secretary  of 
Commerce  and  Labor,  in  addition  to  the  duties  now  provided 
by  law,  shall  have  charge  of  all  matters  concerning  the  natu- 
ralization of  aliens.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  said 
Bureau  to  provide,  for  use  at  the  various  immigration  sta- 
tions throughout  the  United  States,  books  of  record,  wherein 
the  commissioners  of  immigration  shall  cause  a  registry  to  be 
made  in  the  case  of  each  alien  arriving  in  the  United  States 
from  and  after  the  passing  of  this  Act  of  the  name,  age, 
occupation,  personal  description  (including  height,  com- 
plexion, color  of  hair  and  eyes),  the  place  of  birth,  the  last 
residence,  the  intended  place  of  residence  in  the  United  States, 
and  the  date  of  arrival  of  said  alien,  and,  if  entered  through 
a  port,  the  name  of  the  vessel  in  which  he  comes.  And  it  shall 
be  the  duty  of  said  commissioners  of  immigration  to  cause  to 
be  granted  to  such  alien  a  certificate  of  such  registry,  with 
the  particulars  thereof. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor  shall 
provide  the  said  Bureau  with  such  additional  furnished  offices 
within  the  city  of  Washington,  such  books  of  record  and 
facilities,  and  such  additional  assistants,  clerks,  stenographers, 
typewriters,  and  other  employees  as  may  be  necessary  for  the 
proper  discharge  of  the  duties  imposed  by  this  Act  upon  such 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A     CITIZEN  6/ 

Bureau,  fixing  the  compensation  of  such  additional  employees 
until  July  first,  nineteen  hundred  and  seven,  within  the  appro- 
priations made  for  that  purpose. 

Sec.  3.  That  exclusive  jurisdiction  to  naturalize  aliens 
as  citizens  of  the  United  States  is  hereby  conferred  upon  the 
following  specified  courts : 

United  States  and  district  courts  now  existing,  or  which 
may  hereafter  be  established  by  Congress  in  any  State,  United 
States  district  courts  for  the  Territories  of  Arizona,  New 
Mexico,  Oklahoma,  Hawaii,  and  Alaska,  the  supreme  court  of 
the  District  of  Columbia,  and  the  United  States  courts  for  the 
Indian  Territory;  also  all  courts  of  record  in  any  State  or 
Territory  now  existing,  or  which  may  hereafter  be  created, 
having  a  seal,  a  clerk,  and  jurisdiction  in  actions  at  law  or 
equity,  or  law  and  equity,  in  which  the  amount  in  controversy 
is  unlimited. 

That  the  naturalization  jurisdiction  of  all  courts  herein 
specified.  State,  Territorial,  and  Federal,  shall  extend  only  to 
aliens  resident  within  the  respective  judicial  districts  of  such 
courts. 

The  courts  herein  specified  shall,  upon  the  requisition  of 
the  clerks  of  such  courts,  be  furnished  from  time  to  time  by 
the  Bureau  of  Immigration  and  Naturalization  with  such 
blank  forms  as  may  be  required  in  the  naturalization  of  aliens, 
and  all  certificates  of  naturalization  shall  be  consecutively 
numbered  and  printed  on  safety  paper  furnished  by  said 
Bureau. 

Sec.  4.  That  an  alien  may  be  admitted  to  become  a  citizen 
of  the  United  States  in  the  following  manner  and  not  other- 
wise: 

First.  He  shall  declare  on  oath  before  the  clerk  of  any 
court  authorized  by  the  Act  to  naturalize  aliens,  or  his  author- 
ized deputy,  in  the  district  in  which  such  alien  resides,  two 
years  at  least  prior  to  his  admission,  and  after  he  has  reached 
the  age  of  eighteen  years,  that  it  is  bona  fide  his  intention  to 
become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  to  renounce  for- 


68  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

ever  all  allegiance  and  fidelity  to  any  foreign  prince,  potentate, 
state,  or  sovereignty,  and  particularly,  by  name,  to  the  prince, 
potentate,  state,  or  sovereignty  of  which  the  alien  may  be  at 
the  time  a  citizen  or  subject.  And  such  declaration  shall  set 
forth  the  name,  age,  occupation,  personal  description,  place 
of  birth,  last  foreign  residence  and  allegiance,  the  date  of 
arrival,  the  name  of  the  vessel,  if  any,  in  which  he  came  to 
the  United  States,  and  the  present  place  of  residence  in  the 
United  States  of  said  alien:  Provided,  however.  That  no  alien 
who,  in  conformity  with  the  law  in  force  at  the  date  of  his 
declaration,  has  declared  his  intention  to  become  a  citizen 
of  the  United  States  shall  be  required  to  renew  such 
declaration. 

Second.  Not  less  than  two  years  or  more  than  seven  years 
after  he  has  made  such  declaration  of  intention  he  shall  make 
and  file,  in  duplicate,  a  petition  in  writing,  signed  by  the  appli- 
cant in  his  own  handwriting  and  duly  verified,  in  which  peti- 
tion such  applicant  shall  state  his  full  name,  his  place  of  resi- 
dence (by  street  and  number,  if  possible),  his  occupation,  and, 
if  possible,  the  date  and  place  of  his  birth;  the  place  from 
which  he  emigrated,  and  the  date  and  place  of  his  arrival  in 
the  United  States,  and,  if  he  entered  through  a  port,  the  name 
of  the  vessel  on  which  he  arrived;  the  time  when  and  the 
place  and  name  of  the  court  where  he  declared  his  intention 
to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States;  if  he  is  married  he 
shall  state  the  name  of  his  wife  and,  if  possible,  the  country 
of  her  nativity  and  her  place  of  residence  at  the  time  of  filing 
his  petition;  and  if  he  has  children,  the  name,  date,  and  place 
of  birth  and  place  of  residence  of  each  child  living  at  the  time 
of  the  filing  of  his  petition;  Provided,  That  if  he  has  filed 
his  declaration  before  the  passage  of  this  Act  he  shall  not  be 
required  to  sign  the  petition  in  his  own  handwriting. 

The  petition  shall  set  forth  that  he  is  not  a  disbeliever  in 
or  opposed  to  organized  government,  or  a  member  of  or 
affiliated  with  any  organization  or  body  of  persons  teaching 
disbelief  in  or  opposed  to  organized  government,  a  polygamist 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  69 

or  believer  in  the  practice  of  polygamy,  and  that  it  is  his  inten- 
tion to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  and  to  renounce 
absolutely  and  forever  all  allegiance  and  fidelity  to  any  foreign 
prince,  potentate,  state,  or  sovereignty,  and  particularly  by 
name  to  the  prince,  potentate,  state  or  sovereignty  of  which 
he  at  the  time  of  filing  of  his  petition  may  be  a  citizen  or  sub- 
ject, and  that  it  is  his  intention  to  reside  permanently  within 
the  United  States,  and  whether  or  not  he  has  been  denied 
admission  as  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and,  if  denied,  the 
ground  or  grounds  of  such  denial,  the  court  or  courts  in  which 
such  decision  was  rendered,  and  that  the  cause  for  such  denial 
has  since  been  cured  or  removed,  and  every  fact  material  to 
his  naturalization  and  required  to  be  proved  upon  the  final 
hearing  of  his  application. 

The  petition  shall  also  be  verified  by  the  affidavits  of  at 
least  two  credible  witnesses,  who  are  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  and  who  shall  state  in  their  affidavits  that  they  have 
personally  known  the  applicant  to  be  a  resident  of  the  United 
States  for  a  period  of  at  least  five  years  continuously,  and  of 
the  state,  territory  or  district  in  which  the  application  is  made 
for  a  period  of  at  least  one  year  immediately  preceding  the 
date  of  the  filing  of  his  petition,  and  that  they  each  have  per- 
sonal knowledge  that  the  petitioner  is  a  person  of  good  moral 
character,  and  that  he  is  in  every  way  qualified,  in  their 
opinion,  to  be  admitted  as  a  citizen  of  the  United  States. 

At  the  time  of  filing  his  petition  there  shall  be  filed  with 
the  clerk  of  the  court  a  certificate  from  the  Department  of 
Commerce  and  Labor,  if  the  petitioner  arrives  in  the  United 
States  after  the  passage  of  this  act,  stating  the  date,  place  and 
manner  of  his  arrival  in  the  United  States,  and  the  declara- 
tion of  intention  of  such  petitioner,  which  certificate  and 
declaration  shall  be  attached  to  and  made  a  part  of  said 
petition. 

Third.  He  shall,  before  he  is  admitted  to  citizenship,  de- 
clare on  oath  in  open  court  that  he  will  support  the  Constitu- 
tion of  the  United  States,  and  that  he  absolutely  and  entirely 


yO  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

renounces  and  abjures  all  allegiance  and  fidelity  to  any  foreign 
prince,  potentate,  state  or  sovereignty,  and  particularly  by 
name  to  the  prince,  potentate,  state  or  sovereignty  of  which 
he  was  before  a  citizen  or  subject;  that  he  will  support  and 
defend  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the  United  States  against 
all  enemies,  foreign  and  domestic,  and  bear  true  faith  and 
allegiance  to  the  same. 

Fourth.  It  shall  be  made  to  appear  to  the  satisfaction  of 
the  court  admitting  any  alien  to  citizenship  that  immediately 
preceding  the  date  of  his  application  he  has  resided  continu- 
ously within  the  United  States  five  years  at  least,  and  within 
the  state  or  territory  where  such  court  is  at  the  time  held  one 
year  at  least,  and  that  during  that  time  he  has  behaved  as  a 
man  of  good  moral  character,  attached  to  the  principles  of 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  well  disposed  to 
the  good  order  and  happiness  of  the  same.  In  addition  to  the 
oath  of  the  applicant,  the  testimony  of  at  least  two  witnesses, 
citizens  of  the  United  States,  as  to  the  facts  of  residence, 
moral  character  and  attachment  to  the  principles  of  the  Con- 
stitution shall  be  required,  and  the  name,  place  of  residence, 
and  occupation  of  each  witness  shall  be  set  forth  in  the  record. 

Fifth.  In  case  the  alien  applying  to  be  admitted  to  citizen- 
ship has  borne  any  hereditary  title,  or  has  been  of  any  of  the 
orders  of  nobility  in  the  kingdom  or  state  from  which  he  came, 
he  shall,  in  addition  to  the  above  requisites,  make  an  express 
renunciation  of  his  title  or  order  of  nobility  in  the  court  to 
which  his  application  is  made,  and  his  renunciation  shall  be 
recorded  in  the  court. 

Sixth.  When  any  alien  who  has  declared  his  intention 
to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  dies  before  he  is 
actually  naturalized,  the  widow  and  minor  children  of  such 
alien  may,  by  complying  with  the  other  provisions  of  this 
act,  be  naturalized  without  making  any  declaration  of  in- 
tention. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  clerk  of  the  court  shall,  immediately 
after  filing  the  petition,  give  notice  thereof  by  posting  in  a 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  yi 

public  and  conspicuous  place  in  his  office,  or  in  the  building  in 
which  his  office  is  situated,  under  an  appropriate  heading,  the 
name,  nativity  and  residence  of  the  alien,  the  date  and  place 
of  his  arrival  in  the  United  States,  and  the  date,  as  nearly  as 
may  be,  for  the  final  hearing  of  his  petition,  and  the  names 
of  the  witnesses  whom  the  applicant  expects  to  summon  in  his 
behalf;  and  the  clerk  shall,  if  the  applicant  requests  it,  issue  a 
subpoena  for  the  witnesses  so  named  by  the  said  applicant  to 
appear  upon  the  day  set  for  the  final  hearing,  but  in  case  such 
witnesses  cannot  be  produced  upon  the  final  hearing,  other 
witnesses  may  be  summoned. 

Sec.  6.  That  petitions  for  naturalization  may  be  made  and 
filed  during  term  time  or  vacation  of  the  court  and  shall  be 
docketed  the  same  day  as  filed,  but  final  action  thereon  shall 
be  had  only  on  stated  days,  to  be  fixed  by  rule  of  the  court, 
and  in  no  case  shall  final  action  be  had  upon  a  petition  until  at 
least  ninety  days  have  elapsed  after  filing  and  posting  the 
notice  of  such  petition;  Provided,  That  no  person  shall  be 
naturalized  nor  shall  any  certificate  of  naturalization  be  issued 
by  any  court  within  thirty  days  preceding  the  holding  of  any 
general  election  within  its  territorial  jurisdiction.  It  shall  be 
lawful,  at  the  time  and  as  a  part  of  the  naturalization  of  any 
alien,  for  the  court,  in  its  discretion,  upon  the  petition  of  such 
alien,  to  make  a  decree  changing  the  name  of  said  alien,  and 
his  certificate  of  naturalization  shall  be  issued  to  him  in 
accordance  therewith. 

Sec.  7.  That  no  person  who  disbelieves  in  or  who  is 
opposed  to  organized  government,  or  who  is  a  member  of  or 
affiliated  with  any  organization  entertaining  and  teaching  such 
belief  in  or  opposition  to  organized  government,  or  who  advo- 
cates or  teaches  the  duty,  necessity,  or  propriety  of  the  unlaw- 
ful assaulting  or  killing  of  any  officer  or  officers,  either  of 
specific  individuals  or  of  officers  generally  of  the  Government 
of  the  United  States,  or  of  any  other  organized  government, 
because  of  his  or  their  official  character,  or  who  is  a  polyg- 


72  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

amist,  shall  be  naturalized  or  be  made  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States. 

Sec.  8.  That  no  alien  shall  hereafter  be  naturalized  or 
admitted  as  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  who  cannot  speak 
the  English  language:  Provided,  That  this  requirement  shall 
not  apply  to  aliens  who  are  physically  unable  to  comply  there- 
with, if  they  are  otherwise  qualified  to  become  citizens  of  the 
United  States:  And  provided  further,  That  the  requirements 
of  this  section  shall  not  apply  to  any  alien  who  has  prior  to 
the  passage  of  this  Act  declared  his  intention  to  become  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States  in  conformity  with  the  law  in 
force  at  the  date  of  making  such  declaration:  Provided 
further.  That  the  requirements  of  Section  8  shall  not  apply 
to  aliens  who  shall  hereafter  declare  their  intention  to  become 
citizens  and  who  shall  make  homestead  entries  upon  the  public 
lands  of  the  United  States  and  comply  in  all  respects  with 
the  laws  providing  for  homestead  entries  on  such  lands. 

Sec.  9.  That  every  final  hearing  upon  such  petition  shall 
be  had  in  open  court  before  a  judge  or  judges  thereof,  and 
every  final  order  which  may  be  made  upon  such  petition  shall 
be  under  the  hand  of  the  court  and  entered  in  full  upon  a 
record  kept  for  that  purpose,  and  upon  such  final  hearing  of 
such  petition  the  applicant  and  witnesses  shall  be  examined 
under  oath  before  the  court  and  in  the  presence  of  the  court. 

Sec.  10.  That  in  case  the  petitioner  has  not  resided  in  the 
State,  territory  or  district  for  a  period  of  five  years  continu- 
ously and  immediately  preceding  the  filing  of  his  petition  he 
may  establish  by  two  witnesses,  both  in  his  petition  and  at  the 
hearing,  the  time  of  his  residence  within  the  State,  provided 
that  it  has  been  for  more  than  one  year,  and  the  remaining 
portion  of  his  five  years'  residence  within  the  United  States 
required  by  law  to  be  established  may  be  proved  by  the  deposi- 
tions of  two  or  more  witnesses  who  are  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  upon  notice  to  the  Bureau  of  Immigration  and  Natural- 
ization and  the  United  States  attorney  for  the  district  in  which 
said  witnesses  may  reside. 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  73 

Sec.  II.  That  the  United  States  shall  have  the  right  to 
appear  before  any  court  or  courts  exercising  jurisdiction  in 
naturalization  proceedings  for  the  purpose  of  cross-examining 
the  petitioner  and  the  witnesses  produced  in  support  of  his 
petition  concerning  any  matter  touching  or  in  any  way  affect- 
ing his  right  to  admission  to  citizenship,  and  shall  have  the 
right  to  call  witnesses,  produce  evidence,  and  be  heard  in 
opposition  to  the  granting  of  any  petition  in  naturalization 
proceedings. 

Sec.  12.  That  it  is  hereby  made  the  duty  of  the  clerk  of 
each  and  every  court  exercising  jurisdiction  in  naturalization 
matters  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act  to  keep  and  file  a 
duplicate  of  each  declaration  of  intention  made  before  him 
and  to  send  to  the  Bureau  of  Immigration  and  Naturalization 
at  Washington,  within  thirty  days  after  the  issuance  of  a 
certificate  of  citizenship,  a  duplicate  of  such  certificate,  and  to 
make  and  keep  on  file  in  his  office  a  stub  for  each  certificate 
so  issued  by  him,  whereon  shall  be  entered  a  memorandum  of 
all  the  essential  facts  set  forth  in  such  certificate.  It  shall  also 
be  the  duty  of  the  clerk  of  each  of  said  courts  to  report  to  the 
said  Bureau,  within  thirty  days  after  the  final  hearing  and 
decision  of  the  court,  the  name  of  each  and  every  alien  who 
shall  be  denied  naturalization,  and  to  furnish  to  said  Bureau 
duplicates  of  all  petitions  within  thirty  days  after  the  filing  of 
the  same,  and  certified  copies  of  such  other  proceedings  and 
orders  instituted  in  or  issued  out  of  said  court  aflfecting  or 
relating  to  the  naturalization  of  aliens  as  may  be  required 
from  time  to  time  by  the  said  Bureau. 

In  case  any  such  clerk  or  officer  acting  under  his  direction 
shall  refuse  or  neglect  to  comply  with  any  of  the  foregoing 
provisions  he  shall  forfeit  and  pay  to  the  United  States  the 
sum  of  twenty-five  dollars  in  each  and  every  case  in  which  such 
violation  or  omission  occurs,  and  the  amount  of  such  forfeiture 
may  be  recovered  by  the  United  States  in  an  action  of  debt 
against  such  clerk. 

Clerks  of  courts  having  and   exercising  jurisdiction  in 


74  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

naturalization  matters  shall  be  responsible  for  all  blank  certifi- 
cates of  citizenship  received  by  them  from  time  to  time  from 
the  Bureau  of  Immigration  and  Naturalization,  and  shall 
account  for  the  same  to  the  said  Bureau  whenever  required 
so  to  do  by  such  Bureau.  No  certificate  of  citizenship  received 
by  any  such  clerk  which  may  be  defaced  or  injured  in  such 
manner  as  to  prevent  its  use  as  herein  provided  shall  in  any 
case  be  destroyed,  but  such  certificate  shall  be  returned  to  the 
said  Bureau ;  and  in  case  any  such  clerk  shall  fail  to  return  or 
properly  account  for  any  certificate  furnished  by  the  said 
Bureau,  as  herein  provided,  he  shall  be  liable  to  the  United 
States  in  the  sum  of  fifty  dollars,  to  be  recovered  in  an  action 
of  debt,  for  each  and  every  certificate  not  properly  accounted 
for  or  returned. 

Sec.  13.  That  the  clerk  of  each  and  every  court  exercising 
jurisdiction  in  naturalization  cases  shall  charge,  collect,  and 
account  for  the  following  fees  in  each  proceeding : 

For  receiving  and  filing  a  declaration  of  intention  and 
issuing  a  duplicate  thereof,  one  dollar. 

For  making,  filing,  and  docketing  the  petition  of  an  alien 
for  admission  as  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  and  for  the 
final  hearing  thereon,  two  dollars;  and  for  entering  the  final 
order  and  the  issuance  of  the  certificate  of  citizenship  there- 
under, if  granted,  two  dollars. 

The  clerk  of  any  court  collecting  such  fees  is  hereby  author- 
ized to  retain  one-half  of  the  fees  collected  by  him  in  such 
naturalization  proceeding;  the  remaining  one-half  of  the  natu- 
ralization fees  in  each  case  collected  by  such  clerks,  respectively, 
shall  be  accounted  for  in  their  quarterly  accounts,  which  they 
are  hereby  required  to  render  the  Bureau  of  Immigration  and 
Naturalization,  and  paid  over  to  such  Bureau  within  thirty 
days  from  the  close  of  each  quarter  in  each  and  every  fiscal 
year,  and  the  moneys  so  received  shall  be  paid  over  to  the 
disbursing  clerk  of  the  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor, 
who  shall  thereupon  deposit  them  in  the  Treasury  of  the 
United  States,  rendering  an  account  therefor  quarterly  to  the 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  75 

Auditor  for  the  State  and  other  Departments,  and  the  said 
disbursing  clerk  shall  be  held  responsible  under  his  bond  for 
said  fees  so  received. 

In  addition  to  the  fees  herein  required,  the  petitioner  shall, 
upon  the  filing  of  his  petition  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States,  deposit  with  and  pay  to  the  clerk  of  the  court  a  sum 
of  money  sufficient  to  cover  the  expenses  of  subpoenaing  and 
paying  the  legal  fees  of  any  witnesses  for  whom  he  may  request 
a  subpoena,  and  upon  the  final  discharge  of  such  witnesses  they 
shall  receive,  if  they  demand  the  same  from  the  clerk,  the 
customary  and  usual  witness  fees  from  the  moneys  which  the 
petitioner  shall  have  paid  to  such  clerk  for  such  purpose,  and 
the  residue,  if  any,  shall  be  returned  by  the  clerk  to  the  peti- 
tioner :  Provided,  That  the  clerks  of  courts  exercising  jurisdic- 
tion in  naturalization  proceedings  shall  be  permitted  to  retain 
one-half  of  the  fees  in  any  fiscal  year  up  to  the  sum  of  three 
thousand  dollars,  and  that  all  fees  received  by  such  clerks  in 
naturalization  proceedings  in  excess  of  such  amount  shall  be 
accounted  for  and  paid  over  to  said  Bureau  as  in  case  of  other 
fees  to  which  the  United  States  may  be  entitled  under  the  pro- 
visions of  this  Act.  The  clerks  of  the  various  courts  exercising 
jurisdiction  in  naturalization  proceedings  shall  pay  all  addi- 
tional clerical  force  that  may  be  required  in  performing  the 
duties  imposed  by  this  Act  upon  the  clerks  of  courts  from  fees 
received  by  such  clerks  in  naturalization  proceedings.  And  in 
case  the  clerk  of  any  court  collects  fees  in  excess  of  the  sum 
of  six  thousand  dollars  in  any  one  year,  the  Secretary  of 
Commerce  and  Labor  may  allow  to  such  clerk  from  the  money 
which  the  United  States  shall  receive  additional  compensation 
for  the  employment  of  additional  clerical  assistance,  but  for  no 
other  purpose,  if  in  the  opinion  of  the  said  Secretary  the  busi- 
ness of  such  clerk  warrants  such  allowance. 

Sec.  14.  That  the  declarations  of  intention  and  the  peti- 
tions for  naturalization  shall  be  bound  in  chronological  order 
in  separate  volumes,  indexed,  consecutively  numbered,  and 
made  part  of  the  records  of  the  court.     Each  certificate  of 


y6  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

naturalization  issued  shall  bear  upon  its  face,  in  a  place  pre- 
pared therefor,  the  volume  number  and  page  number  of  the 
petition  whereon  such  certificate  was  issued,  and  the  volume 
number  and  page  number  of  the  stub  of  such  certificate. 

Sec.  15.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  United  States 
district  attorneys  for  the  respective  districts,  upon  affidavit 
showing  good  cause  therefor,  to  institute  proceedings  in  any 
court  having  jurisdiction  to  naturalize  aliens  in  the  judicial 
district  in  which  the  naturalized  citizen  may  reside  at  the  time 
of  bringing  the  suit,  for  the  purpose  of  setting  aside  and  can- 
celling the  certificate  of  citizenship  on  the  ground  of  fraud  or 
on  the  ground  that  such  certificate  of  citizenship  was  illegally 
procured.  In  any  such  proceedings  the  party  holding  the  cer- 
tificate of  citizenship  alleged  to  have  been  fraudulently  or 
illegally  procured  shall  have  sixty  days'  personal  notice  in 
which  to  make  answer  to  the  petition  of  the  United  States; 
and  if  the  holder  of  such  certificate  be  absent  from  the  United 
States  or  from  the  district  in  which  he  last  had  his  residence, 
such  notice  shall  be  given  by  publication  in  the  manner  pro- 
vided for  the  service  of  summons  by  publication  or  upon 
absentees  by  the  laws  of  the  State  or  the  place  where  such  suit 
is  brought. 

If  any  alien  who  shall  have  secured  a  certificate  of  citizen- 
ship under  the  provisions  of  this  Act  shall,  within  five  years 
after  the  issuance  of  such  certificate,  return  to  the  country  of 
his  nativity,  or  go  to  any  other  foreign  country,  and  take  per- 
manent residence  therein,  it  shall  be  considered  prima  facie 
evidence  of  a  lack  of  intention  on  the  part  of  such  alien  to 
become  a  permanent  citizen  of  the  United  States  at  the  time 
of  filing  his  application  for  citizenship,  and,  in  the  absence  of 
countervailing  evidence,  it  shall  be  sufficient  in  the  proper  pro- 
ceedings to  authorize  the  cancellation  of  his  certificate  of 
citizenship  as  fraudulent,  and  the  diplomatic  and  consular 
officers  of  the  United  States  in  foreign  countries  shall  from 
time  to  time,  through  the  Department  of  State,  furnish  the  De- 
partment of  Justice  with  the  names  of  those  within  their  respec- 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  *]*] 

tive  jurisdictions  who  have  such  certificates  of  citizenship  and 
who  have  taken  permanent  residence  in  the  country  of  their 
nativity,  or  in  any  other  foreign  country,  and  such  statements, 
duly  certified,  shall  be  admissible  in  evidence  in  all  courts  in 
proceedings  to  cancel  certificates  of  citizenship. 

Whenever  any  certificate  of  citizenship  shall  be  set  aside  or 
cancelled,  as  herein  provided,  the  court  in  which  such  judg- 
ment or  decree  is  rendered  shall  make  an  order  canceling  such 
certificate  of  citizenship  and  shall  send  a  certified  copy  of  such 
order  to  the  Bureau  of  Immigration  and  Naturalization;  and 
in  case  such  certificate  was  not  originally  issued  by  the  court 
making  such  order  it  shall  direct  the  clerk  of  the  court  to 
transmit  a  copy  of  such  order  and  judgment  to  the  court  out 
of  which  such  certificate  of  citizenship  shall  have  been  orig- 
inally issued.  And  it  shall  thereupon  be  the  duty  of  the  clerk 
of  the  court  receiving  such  certified  copy  of  the  order  and 
judgment  of  the  court  to  enter  the  same  of  record  and  to  can- 
cel such  original  certificate  of  citizenship  upon  the  records  and 
to  notify  the  Bureau  of  Immigration  and  Naturalization  of 
such  cancellation. 

The  provisions  of  this  section  shall  apply  not  only  to  cer- 
tificates of  citizenship  issued  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act, 
but  to  all  certificates  of  citizenship  which  may  have  been  issued 
heretofore  by  any  court  exercising  jurisdiction  in  naturaliza- 
tion proceedings  under  prior  laws. 

Sec.  1 6.  That  every  person  who  falsely  makes,  forges, 
counterfeits,  or  causes  or  procures  to  be  falsely  made,  forged, 
or  counterfeited,  or  knowingly  aids  or  assists  in  falsely  mak- 
ing, forging,  or  counterfeiting  any  certificate  of  citizenship, 
with  intent  to  use  the  same,  or  with  the  intent  that  the  same 
may  be  used  by  some  other  person  or  persons,  shall  be  guilty 
of  a  felony,  and  a  person  convicted  of  such  offense  shall  be 
punished  by  imprisonment  for  not  more  than  ten  years,  or  by 
a  fine  of  not  more  than  ten  thousand  dollars,  or  by  both  such 
fine  and  imprisonment. 

Sec.  17.     That  every  person  who  engraves  or  causes  or 


j6  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

procures  to  be  engraved,  or  assists  in  engraving,  any  plate  in 
the  likeness  of  any  plate  designed  for  the  printing  of  a  certifi- 
cate of  citizenship,  or  who  sells  any  such  plate,  or  who  brings 
into  the  United  States  from  any  foreign  place  any  such  plate, 
except  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and 
Labor,  or  other  proper  officer,  and  any  person  who  has  in  his 
control,  custody,  or  possession  any  metallic  plate  engraved 
after  the  similitude  of  any  plate  from  which  any  such  certifi- 
cate has  been  printed,  with  intent  to  use  such  plate  or  suffer 
the  same  to  be  used  in  forging  or  counterfeiting  any  such 
certificate  or  any  part  thereof;  and  every  person  who  prints, 
photographs,  or  in  any  other  manner  causes  to  be  printed, 
photographed,  made,  or  executed,  any  print  or  impression  in 
the  likeness  of  any  such  certificate,  or  any  part  thereof,  or  who 
sells  any  such  certificate,  or  brings  the  same  into  the  United 
States  from  any  foreign  place,  except  by  direction  of  some 
proper  officer  of  the  United  States,  or  who  has  in  his  posses- 
sion a  distinctive  paper  which  has  been  adopted  by  the  proper 
officer  of  the  United  States  for  the  printing  of  such  certificate, 
with  intent  to  unlawfully  use  the  same,  shall  be  punished  by 
a  fine  of  not  more  than  ten  thousand  dollars,  or  by  imprison- 
ment at  hard  labor  for  not  more  than  ten  years,  or  by  both 
such  fine  and  imprisonment. 

Sec.  1 8.  That  it  is  hereby  made  a  felony  for  any  clerk  or 
other  person  to  issue  or  be  a  party  to  the  issuance  of  a  certifi- 
cate of  citizenship  contrary  to  the  provisions  of  this  Act, 
except  upon  a  final  order  under  the  hand  of  a  court  having 
jurisdiction  to  make  such  order,  and  upon  conviction  thereof 
such  clerk  or  other  person  shall  be  punished  by  imprisonment 
for  not  more  than  five  years  and  a  fine  of  not  more  than  five 
thousand  dollars,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

Sec.  19.  That  every  person  who  without  lawful  excuse  is 
possessed  of  any  blank  certificate  of  citizenship  provided  by 
the  Bureau  of  Immigration  and  Naturalization,  with  intent 
unlawfully  to  use  the  same,  shall  be  imprisoned  at  hard  labor 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  79 

not  more  than  five  years  or  be  fined  not  more  than  one  thou- 
sand dollars. 

Sec.  20.  That  any  clerk  or  other  officer  of  a  court  having 
power  under  this  Act  to  naturalize  aliens,  who  willfully  neg- 
lects to  render  true  accounts  of  moneys  received  by  him  for 
naturalization  proceedings  or  who  willfully  neglects  to  pay 
over  any  balance  of  such  moneys  due  to  the  United  States 
within  thirty  days  after  said  payment  shall  become  due  and 
demand  therefor  has  been  made  and  refused,  shall  be  deemed 
guilty  of  embezzlement  of  the  public  moneys,  and  shall  be 
punishable  by  imprisonment  for  not  more  than  five  years,  or 
by  a  fine  of  not  more  than  five  thousand  dollars,  or  both. 

Sec.  21.  That  it  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  clerk  of  any 
court  or  his  authorized  deputy  or  assistant  exercising  jurisdic- 
tion in  naturalization  proceedings,  or  to  demand,  charge,  col- 
lect, or  receive  any  other  or  additional  fees  or  moneys  in 
naturalization  proceedings  save  the  fees  and  moneys  herein 
specified ;  and  a  violation  of  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  sec- 
tion or  any  part  thereof  is  hereby  declared  to  be  a  misde- 
meanor and  shall  be  punished  by  imprisonment  for  not  more 
than  two  years,  or  by  a  fine  of  not  more  than  one  thousand 
dollars,  or  by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment. 

Sec.  22.  That  the  clerk  of  any  court  exercising  jurisdic- 
tion in  naturalization  proceedings,  or  any  person  acting  under 
authority  of  this  Act,  who  shall  knowingly  certify  that  a  peti- 
tioner, affiant,  or  witness  named  in  an  affidavit,  petition,  or 
certificate  of  citizenship,  or  other  paper  or  writing  required 
to  be  executed  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act,  personally 
appeared  before  him  and  was  sworn  thereto,  or  acknowledged 
the  execution  thereof  or  signed  the  same,  when  in  fact  such 
petitioner,  affiant,  or  witness  did  not  personally  appear  before 
him,  or  was  not  sworn  thereto,  or  did  not  execute  the  same,  or 
did  not  acknowledge  the  execution  thereof  shall  be  punished 
by  a  fine  not  exceeding  five  thousand  dollars,  or  by  imprison- 
ment not  to  exceed  five  years. 

Sec.  23.     That  any  person  who  knowingly  procures  natu- 


80  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

ralization  in  violation  of  the  provisions  of  this  Act  shall  be 
fined  not  more  than  five  thousand  dollars,  or  shall  be  impris- 
oned not  more  than  five  years,  or  both,  and  upon  conviction 
the  court  in  which  such  conviction  is  had  shall  thereupon  ad- 
judge and  declare  the  final  order  admitting  such  person  to 
citizenship  void.  Jurisdiction  is  hereby  conferred  on  the 
courts  having  jurisdiction  of  the  trial  of  such  offense  to  make 
such  adjudication.  Any  person  who  knowingly  aids,  advises, 
or  encourages  any  person  not  entitled  thereto  to  apply  for  or 
to  secure  naturalization,  or  to  file  the  preliminary  papers 
declaring  an  intent  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
or  who  in  any  naturalization  proceeding  knowingly  procures 
or  gives  false  testimony  as  to  any  material  fact,  or  who  know- 
ingly makes  an  affidavit  false  as  to  any  material  fact  required 
to  be  proved  in  such  proceeding,  shall  be  fined  not  more  than 
five  thousand  dollars,  or  imprisoned  not  more  than  five  years, 
or  both. 

Sec.  24.  That  no  person  shall  be  prosecuted,  tried,  or 
punished  for  any  crime  arising  under  the  provisions  of  this 
Act  unless  the  indictment  is  found  or  the  information  is  filed 
within  five  years  next  after  the  commission  of  such  crime. 

Sec.  25.  That  for  the  purpose  of  the  prosecution  of  all 
crimes  and  offenses  against  the  naturalization  laws  of  the 
United  States  which  may  have  been  committed  prior  to  the 
date  when  this  Act  shall  go  into  effect,  the  existing  naturaliza- 
tion laws  shall  remain  in  full  force  and  effect. 

Sec.  26.  That  Sections  twenty-one  hundred  and  sixty-five, 
twenty-one  hundred  and  sixty-seven,  twenty-one  hundred  and 
sixty-eight,  twenty-one  hundred  and  seventy-three  of  the  Re- 
vised Statutes  of  the  United  States  of  America,  and  Section 
thirty-nine  of  chapter  one  thousand  and  twelve  of  the  Statutes 
at  Large  of  the  United  States  of  America  for  the  year  nine- 
teen hundred  and  three,  and  all  Acts  or  parts  of  Acts  incon- 
sistent with  or  repugnant  to  the  provisions  of  this  Act  are 
hereby  repealed. 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  8l 

Sec.  2'j.  That  substantially  the  following  forms  shall  be 
used  in  the  proceedings  to  which  they  relate : 

Declaration  of  Intention. 

(Invalid  for  all  purposes  seven  years  after  the  date  hereof.) 
,  ss : 

I,  ,  aged  ....  years,  occupa- 
tion   ,  do  declare  on  oath  (afifirm)  that  my  per- 
sonal description  is :  Color ,  complexion ,  height 

,  weight ,  color  of  hair ,  color  of  eyes 

,  other  visible  distinctive  marks ;  I  was  born 

in on  the day  of ,  anno  Domini 

;  I  now  reside  at ;  I  emigrated  to  the 

United  States  of  America  from    on  the  vessel 

;  my  last  foreign  residence  was It  is  my  bona 

fide  intention  to  renounce  forever  all  allegiance  and  fidelity  to 
any  foreign  prince,  potentate,  state,  or  sovereignty  and  par- 
ticularly to ,  of  which  I  am  now  a  citizen  (subject) ; 

I  arrived  at  the  (port)  of ,  in  the  State  (Territory  or 

District)  of on  or  about  the day  of   

anno  Domini ;  I  am  not  an  anarchist ;  I  am  not  a  polyg- 

amist  nor  a  believer  in  the  practice  of  polygamy;  and  it  is  my 
intention  in  good  faith  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States 
of  America  and  to  permanently  reside  therein.  So  help  me 
God. 

(Original  signature  of  declarant) 

Subscribed  and  sworn  to  (affirmed)  before  me  this 

day  of ,  anno  Domini 

(L.  S.)  

Official  character  of  attestator. 

Petition  for  Naturalization. 

Court  of 

In  the  matter  of  the  petition  of 

to  be  admitted  as  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
To  the Court : 


"^ 


82  HOW    TO    BECOME    A     CITIZEN 

The  petition  of respectfully  shows : 

First.    My  full  name  is 

Second.     My  place  of  residence  is  No street,  city 

of State  (Territory  or  District)  of 

Third.    My  occupation  is 

Fourth.    I  was  born  on  the day  of at 

Fifth.    I  emigrated  to  the  United  States  from , 

on  or  about  the day  of ,  anno  Domini , 

and  arrived  at  the  port  of ,  in  the  United  States, 

on  the  vessel 

Sixth.     I  declared  my  intention  to  become  a  citizen  of  the 

United  States  on  the day  of at in  the 

court  of 

Seventh.    I  am  ....  married.    My  wife's  name  is 

She  was  born  in and  now  resides  at 

I  have children,  and  the  name    ,  date,  and  place  of 

birth  and  place  of  residence  of  each  of  said  children  is  as 
follows : ; ; 

Eighth.  I  am  not  a  disbeliever  in  or  opposed  to  organized 
government  or  a  member  of  or  affiliated  with  any  organiza- 
tion  or  body  of  persons  teaching  disbelief  in  organized  govern- 
ment. I  am  not  a  polygamist  nor  a  believer  in  the  practice  of 
polygamy.  I  am  attached  to  the  principles  of  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States,  and  it  is  my  intention  to  become  a  citizen 
of  the  United  States  and  to  renounce  absolutely  and  forever 
all  allegiance  and  fidelity  to  any  foreign  prince,  potentate, 

state,  or  sovereignty,  and  particularly  to ,  of  which 

at  this  time  I  am  a  citizen  (or  subject),  and  it  is  my  intention 
to  reside  permanently  in  the  United  States. 

Ninth.    I  am  able  to  speak  the  English  language. 

Tenth.  I  have  resided  continuously  in  the  United  States 
of  America  for  a  term  of  five  years  at  least  immediately  pre- 
ceding the  date  of  this  petition,  to  wit,  since   ,  anno 

Domini and  in  the  State  (Territory  or  District)  of 

for  one  year  at  least  next  preceding  the  date  of  this 

petition,  to  wit,  since day  of anno  Domini 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  83 

Eleventh.  I  have  not  heretofore  made  petition  for  citizen- 
ship to  any  court.     (I  made  petition  for  citizenship  to  the 

court  of at ,  and  the  said  petition  was 

denied  by  the  said  court  for  the  following  reasons  and  causes, 

to  wit, ,  and  the  cause  of  such  denial  has  since  been 

cured  or  removed. ) 

Attached  hereto  and  made  a  part  of  this  petition  are  my 
declaration  of  intention  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States  and  the  certificate  from  the  Department  of  Commerce 
and  Labor  required  by  law.  Wherefore  your  petitioner  prays 
that  he  may  be  admitted  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  of 
America. 

Dated 

(Signature  of  p^etitioner)    

,  ss  : 

,  being  duly  sworn,  deposes  and  says  that  he 

is  the  petitioner  in  the  above-entitled  proceeding;  that  he  has 
read  the  foregoing  petition  and  knows  the  contents  thereof; 
that  the  same  is  true  of  his  own  knowledge,  except  as  to  matters 
therein  stated  to  be  alleged  upon  information  and  belief,  and 
that  as  to  those  matters  he  believes  it  to  be  true. 

Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me  this   day  of 

,  anno  Domini 

(L.  S.)  

Clerk  of  the Court. 

Affidavit  of  Witnesses. 

Court  of 

In  the  matter  of  the  petition  of to  be  admitted 

a  citizen  of  the  United  States  of  America. 
,  ss : 

,  occupation   ,  residing  at   and 

,  occupation ,  residing  at ,  each 

being  severally,  duly,  and  respectively  sworn,  deposes  and 
says  that  he  is  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  of  America ;  that 
he  has  personally  known ,  the  petitioner  above  men- 


84  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

tioned,  to  be  a  resident  of  the  United  States  for  a  period  of  at 
least  five  years  continuously  immediately  preceding  the  date 
of  filing  his  petition,  and  of  the  State  (Territory  or  District) 
in  which  the  above-entitled  application  is  made  for  a  period 

of years  immediately  preceding  the  date  of  filing  his 

petition:  and  that  he  has  personal  knowledge  that  the  said 
petitioner  is  a  person  of  good  moral  character,  attached  to  the 
principles  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  that 
he  is  in  every  way  qualified,  in  his  opinion,  to  be  admitted  as 
a  citizen  of  the  United  States. 


Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me  this   day  of 

. . . ,  nineteen  hundred  and 

[L.  S.] 


(Official  character  of  attestor). 
Certificate  of  Naturalization. 


Number . 

Petition,  volume ,  page  . .' . 


Stub,  volume page 

(Signature  of  holder)  

Description  of  holder :  Age, ;  height, ;  color, 

;  complexion, ;  color  of  eyes, ;  color  of 

hair, ;  visible  distinguishing  marks, Name,  age, 

and  place  of  residence  of   wife,    ,    ,    

Names,    ages,    and   places    of    residence   of    minor  children, 


,  ss : 

Be  it  remembered,  that  at  a term  of  the   

court  of ,  held  at on  the day  of , 

in  the  year  of  our  Lord  nineteen  hundred  and , , 

who  previous  to  his  (her)  naturalization  was  a  citizen  or  sub- 
ject of ,  at  present  residing  at  number 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  85 

Street,  city  (town) State  (Territory  or  Dis- 
trict), having  applied  to  be  admitted  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States  of  America  pursuant  to  law,  and  the  courts  having 
found  that  the  petitioner  had  resided  continuously  within  the 
United  States  for  at  least  five  years  and  in  this  State  for 
one  year  immediately  preceding  the  date  of  the  hearing  of 
his  (her)  petition,  and  that  said  petitioner  intends  to  reside 
permanently  in  the  United  States,  had  in  all  respects  com- 
plied with  the  law  in  relation  thereto,  and  that  ..he  was 
entitled  to  be  so  admitted,  it  was  thereupon  ordered  by  the 
said  court  that  ..he  be  admitted  as  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States  of  America. 

In  testimony  whereof  the  seal  of  said  court  is  hereunto 

affixed  on  the   day  of    ,  in  the  year  of  our 

Lord  nineteen  hundred  and ,  and  of  our  independence 

the 

[L.  S.] 


(Official  character  of  attestor.) 


Stub  of  Ceitificate  of  Naturalization 

No.  of  certificate, 

Name    ;  age,    

Declaration   of  intention,   volume    ,   page    

Petition,  volume   ,  page   

Name,  age,  and  place  of  residence  of  wife,    , 

,  Names,  ages,  and  places  of  residence  of 

minor  children,    ,    ,    ,    


Date  of  order,  volume ,  page 

(Signature  of  holder)  


S6  HOW    TO    BECOME    A     CITIZEN 

Sec.  28.  That  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor 
shall  have  power  to  make  such  rules  and  regulations  as  may 
be  necessary  for  properly  carrying  into  execution  the  various 
provisions  of  this  Act.  Certified  copies  of  all  papers,  docu- 
ments, certificates,  and  records  required  to  be  used,  filed,  re- 
corded, or  kept  under  any  and  all  of  the  provisions  of  this 
Act  shall  be  admitted  in  evidence  equally  with  the  originals 
in  any  and  all  proceedings  under  this  Act  and  in  all  cases  in 
which  the  originals  thereof  might  be  admissible  as  evidence. 

Sec.  29.  That  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  into  effect  the 
provisions  of  this  Act  there  is  hereby  appropriated  the  sum 
of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  out  of  any  moneys  in  the 
Treasury  of  the  United  States  not  otherwise  appropriated, 
which  appropriation  shall  be  in  full  for  the  objects  hereby 
expressed  until  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  seven; 
and  the  provisions  of  section  thirty-six  hundred  and  seventy- 
nine  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States  shall  not  be 
applicable  in  any  way  to  this  appropriation. 

Sec.  30.  That  all  the  applicable  provisions  of  the  natural- 
ization laws  of  the  United  States  shall  apply  to  and  be  held 
to  authorize  the  admission  to  citizenship  of  all  persons  not 
citizens  who  owe  permanent  allegiance  to  the  United  States, 
and  who  may  become  residents  of  any  State  or  organized 
Territory  of  the  United  States,  with  the  following  modi- 
fications: The  applicant  shall  not  be  required  to  renounce 
allegiance  to  any  foreign  sovereignty;  he  shall  make  his 
declaration  of  intention  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States  at  least  two  years  prior  to  his  admission ;  and  residence 
within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States,  owing  such  per- 
manent allegiance,  shall  be  regarded  as  residence  within  the 
United  States  within  the  meaning  of  the  five  years'  residence 
clause  of  the  existing  law. 

Sec.  31.  That  this  Act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force 
from  and  after  ninety  days  from  the  date  of  its  passage :  Pro- 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  87 

\ided,  That  sections  one,  two,  twenty-eight,  and  twenty-nine 
shall  go  into  effect  from  and  after  the  passage  of  this  Act. 
Approved,  June  29,  1906. 

Expatriation  of  Citizens  and  Their  Protection  Abroad. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 
of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That 
the  Secretary  of  State  shall  be  authorized,  in  his  discretion, 
to  issue  passports  to  persons  not  citizens  of  the  United  States 
as  follows :  Where  any  person  has  made  a  declaration  of  inten- 
tion to  become  such  a  citizen  as  provided  by  law  and  has 
resided  in  the  United  States  for  three  years,  a  passport  may 
be  issued  to  him  entitling  him  to  the  protection  of  the  Govern- 
ment in  any  foreign  country:  Provided,  that  such  passport 
shall  not  be  valid  for  more  than  six  months  and  shall  not  be 
renewed,  and  that  such  passport  shall  not  entitle  the  holder 
to  the  protection  of  this  Government  in  the  country  of  which 
he  was  a  citizen  prior  to  making  such  declaration  of  intention. 

Sec.  2.  That  any  American  citizen  shall  be  deemed  to  have 
expatriated  himself  when  he  has  been  naturalized  in  any  for- 
eign state  in  conformity  with  its  laws,  or  when  he  has  taken 
an  oath  of  allegiance  to  any  foreign  state. 

When  any  naturalized  citizen  shall  have  resided  for  two 
years  in  the  foreign  state  from  which  he  came,  or  for  five 
years  in  any  other  foreign  state,  it  shall  be  presumed  that  he 
has  ceased  to  be  an  American  citizen,  and  the  place  of  his 
general  abode  shall  be  deemed  his  place  of  residence  during 
said  years :  Provided,  however,  that  such  presumption  may  be 
overcome  on  the  presentation  of  satisfactory  evidence  to  a 
diplomatic  or  consular  officer  of  the  United  States,  under 
such  rules  and  regulations  as  the  Department  of  State  may 
prescribe :  And  provided  also.  That  no  American  citizen  shall 
be  allowed  to  expatriate  himself  when  this  country  is  at  war. 

Sec.  3.  That  any  American  woman  who  marries  a  for- 
eigner shall  take  the  nationality  of  her  husband.  At  the  ter- 
mination of  the  marital  relation  she  may  resume  her  American 


88  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

citizenship,  if  abroad,  by  registering  as  an  American  citizen 
within  one  year  with  a  consul  of  the  United  States,  or  by 
returning  to  reside  in  the  United  States,  or,  if  residing  in  the 
United  States  at  the  termination  of  the  marital  relation,  by 
continuing  to  reside  therein. 

Sec.  4.  That  any  foreign  woman  who  acquires  American 
citizenship  by  marriage  to  an  American  shall  be  assumed  to 
retain  the  same  after  the  termination  of  the  marital  relation 
if  she  continue  to  reside  in  the  United  States,  unless  she  makes 
formal  renunciation  thereof,  before  a  court  having  jurisdic- 
tion to  naturalize  aliens,  or  if  she  resides  abroad  she  may 
retain  her  citizenship  by  registering  as  such  before  a  United 
States  consul  within  one  year  after  the  termination  of  such 
marital  relation. 

Sec.  5.  That  a  child  born  without  the  United  States  of 
alien  parents  shall  be  deemed  a  citizen  of  the  United  States 
by  virtue  of  the  naturalization  of  or  resumption  of  American 
citizenship  by  the  parent;  Provided,  That  such  naturalization 
or  resumption  takes  place  during  the  minority  of  such  child : 
And  provided  further,  That  the  citizenship  of  such  minor 
child  shall  begin  at  the  time  such  minor  child  begins  to  reside 
permanently  in  the  United  States. 

Sec.  6.  That  all  children  born  outside  the  limits  of  the 
United  States  who  are  citizens  thereof  in  accordance  with 
the  provisions  of  Section  nineteen  hundred  and  ninety-three 
of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States,  and  who  continue 
to  reside  outside  the  United  States  shall,  in  order  to  receive 
the  protection  of  this  government,  be  required  upon  reaching 
the  age  of  eighteen  years  to  record  at  an  American  consulate 
their  intention  to  become  residents  and  remain  citizens  of  the 
United  States,  and  shall  be  further  required  to  take  the  oath 
of  allegiance  to  the  United  States  upon  attaining  their 
majority. 

Sec.  7.  That  duplicates  of  any  evidence,  registration,  or 
other  acts  required  by  this  Act  shall  be  filed  with  the  Depart- 
ment of  State  for  record. 

Approved,  March  2,  1907. 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  K9 


TITLE  V. 
PASSPORTS. 

Rules  Governing  the  Granting  and  Issuing  of  Passports  in 
the  United  States. 

1.  By  Whom  Issued  and  Refusal  to  Issue. — No  one  but 
the  Secretary  of  State  may  grant  and  issue  passports  in  the 
•United  States  (Revised  Statutes,  Sections  4075,  4078)  and 
he  is  empowered  to  refuse  them  in  his  discretion. 

Passports  are  not  issued  by  American  diplomatic  and  con- 
sular officers  abroad,  except  in  cases  of  emergency;  and  a 
citizen  who  is  abroad  and  desires  to  procure  a  passport  must 
apply  therefor  through  the  nearest  diplomatic  or  consular 
officer  to  the  Secretary  of  State. 

Applications  for  passports  by  persons  in  Porto  Rico  or 
the  Philippines  should  be  made  to  the  Chief  Executives  of 
those  Islands.  The  evidence  required  of  such  applicants  is 
the  same  as  that  required  of  applicants  in  the  United  States. 

2.  Fee. — By  Act  of  Congress  approved  March  23,  1888, 
a  fee  of  one  dollar  is  required  to  be  collected  for  every  citi- 
zen's passport.  That  amount  in  currency  or  postal  money 
order  should  accompany  each  application  made  by  a  citizen 
of  the  United  States.  Orders  should  be  made  payable  to  the 
Disbursing  Clerk  of  the  Department  of  State.  Drafts  or 
checks  will  not  be  accepted. 

3.  Applications. — A  person  who  is  entitled  to  receive  a 
passport,  if  within  the  United  States,  must  make  a  written 
application,  in  the  form  of  an  affidavit,  to  the  Secretary  of 
State.  The  application  must  be  made  by  the  person  to  whom 
the  passport  is  to  be  issued  and  signed  by  him,  as  it  is  not 
competent  for  one  person  to  apply  for  another. 


90  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

The  affidavit  must  be  attested  by  an  officer  authorized  to 
administer  oaths,  and  if  he  has  an  official  seal  it  must  be 
affixed.  If  he  has  no  seal,  his  official  character  must  be 
authenticated  by  certificate  of  the  proper  legal  officer. 

If  the  applicant  signs  by  mark,  two  attesting  witnesses  to 
his  signature  are  required.  The  applicant  is  required  to  state 
the  date  and  place  of  his  birth,  his  occupation,  the  place  of 
his  permanent  residence,  and  within  what  length  of  time  he 
will  return  to  the  United  States  with  the  purpose  of  residing 
and  performing  the  duties  of  citizenship. 

The  applicant  must  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the 
Government  of  the  United  States. 

The  application  must  be  accompanied  by  a  description  of 
the  person  applying,  and  should  state  the  following  particu- 
lars, viz. :  Age,  ;  stature,  feet  inches 

(English  measure);  forehead,  ;  eyes,  ;  nose, 

;  mouth,  ;  chin,  ;  hair,  ;  com- 


plexion,   ;  face, . 

The  application  must  be  accompanied  by  a  certificate  from 
at  least  one  credible  witness  that  the  applicant  is  the  person 
he  represents  himself  to  be,  and  that  the  facts  stated  in  the 
affidavit  are  true  to  the  best  of  the  witness's  knowledge  and 
belief. 

4.  Native  Citizens. — An  application  containing  the  in- 
formation indicated  by  rule  3  will  be  sufficient  evidence  in 
the  case  of  native  citizens;  but 

A  person  of  the  Chinese  race,  alleging  birth  in  the  United 
States,  must  obtain  from  the  Commissioner  of  Immigration 
or  Chinese  Inspector  in  Charge  at  the  port  through  which  he 
proposes  to  leave  the  country  a  certificate  upon  his  applica- 
tion, under  the  seal  of  such  officer,  showing  that  there  has 
been  granted  to  him  by  the  latter  a  return  certificate  in  accord- 
ance with  rule  16  of  the  Chinese  Regulations  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Commerce  and  Labor.  For  this  purpose  special  blank 
forms  of  application  for  passports  are  provided. 

Passports  issued  by  the  Department  of  State  or  its  diplo- 


HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN  QI 

matic  or  consular  representatives  are  intended  for  identifica- 
tion and  protection  in  foreign  countries,  and  not  to  facilitate 
entry  into  the  United  States,  immigration  being  under  the 
supervision  of  the  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor. 

5.  A  Person  Born  Abroad  Whose  Father  Was  a  Native 
Citkcn  of  the  United  States. — In  addition  to  the  statements 
required  by  rule  3,  his  application  must  show  that  his  father 
was  bom  in  the  United  States,  resided  therein,  and  was  a 
citizen  at  the  time  of  the  applicant's  birth.  The  Department 
may  require  that  this  affidavit  be  supported  by  that  of  one 
other  citizen  acauainted  with  the  facts. 

6.  Naturalized  Citizens. — In  addition  to  the  statements 
required  by  rule  3,  a  naturalized  citizen  must  transmit  his 
certificate  of  naturalization,  or  a  duly  certified  copy  of  the 
court  record  thereof,  with  his  application.  It  will  be  returned 
to  him  after  inspection.  He  must  state  in  his  affidavit  when 
and  from  what  port  he  emigrated  to  this  country,  what  ship 
he  sailed  on,  where  he  has  lived  since  his  arrival  in  the  United 
States,  when  and  before  what  court  he  was  naturalized,  and 
that  he  is  the  identical  person  described  in  the  certificate  of 
naturalization.  The  signature  to  the  application  should  con- 
form in  orthography  to  the  applicant's  name  as  written  in  his 
certificate  of  naturalization,  or  an  explanation  of  the  difference 
should  be  submitted. 

7.  Woman's  Application. — If  she  is  unmarried,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  statements  required  by  rule  3,  she  should  state  that 
she  has  never  been  married.  If  she  is  the  wife  or  widow  of 
a  native  citizen  of  the  United  States  the  fact  should  be  made 
to  appear  in  her  application,  which  should  be  made  according 
to  the  form  prescribed  for  a  native  citizen  whether  she  was 
born  in  this  country  or  abroad.  If  she  is  the  wife  or  widow 
of  a  naturalized  citizen,  in  addition  to  the  statements  required 
by  rule  3,  she  must  transmit  for  inspection  her  husband's  cer- 
tificate of  naturalization  or  a  certified  copy  of  the  court  record 
thereof,  must  state  that  she  is  the  wife  (or  widow)  of  the 


92  HOW    TO    BECOME    A    CITIZEN 

person  described  therein,  and  must  set  forth  the  facts  of 
his  emigration,  naturalization,  and  residence,  as  required  in 
the  rules  governing  the  application  of  a  naturalized  citizen. 
(A  married  woman's  citizenship  follows  that  of  her  hus- 
band so  far  as  her  international  status  is  concerned.  It  is 
essential,  therefore,  that  a  woman's  marital  relations  be  indi- 
cated in  her  application  for  a  passport,  and  that  in  the  case  of 
a  married  woman  her  husband's  citizenship  be  established.) 

8.  The  Child  of  a  Naturalized  Citizen  Claiming  Citizen- 
ship Through  the  Naturalization  of  the  Parent. — In  addition 
to  the  statements  required  by  rule  3,  the  applicant  must  state 
that  he  or  she  is  the  son  or  daughter,  as  the  case  may  be,  of 
the  person  described  in  the  certificate  of  naturalization,  which 
must  be  submitted  for  inspection,  and  must  set  forth  the  facts 
of  emigration,  naturalization,  and  residence,  as  required  in 
the  rule  governing  the  application  of  a  naturalized  citizen. 

9.  A  Resident  of  An  Insular  Possession  of  the  United 
States  Who  Owes  Allegiance  to  the  United  States. — In  addi- 
tion to  the  statements  required  by  rule  3,  he  must  state  that  he 
owes  allegiance  to  the  United  States  and  that  he  does  not 
acknowledge  allegiance  to  any  other  government;  and  must 
submit  affidavits  from  at  least  two  credible  witnesses  having 
good  means  of  knowledge  in  substantiation  of  his  statements 
of  birth,  residence  and  loyalty. 

10.  Expiration  of  Passport. — A  passport  expires  two 
years  from  the  date  of  its  issuance.  A  new  one  will  be  issued 
upon  a  new  application,  and,  if  the  applicant  be  a  naturalized 
citizen,  the  old  passport  will  be  accepted  in  lieu  of  a  certificate 
of  naturalization,  if  the  application  upon  which  it  was  issued 
is  found  to  contain  sufficient  information  as  to  the  naturaliza- 
tion of  the  applicant.  Passports  are  not  renewed  by  the  De- 
partment, but  a  person  abroad  holding  a  passport  issued  by  the 
Department  may  have  it  renewed  for  a  period  of  two  years 
upon  presenting  it  to  a  diplomatic  or  principal  consular  officer 
of  the  United  States  when  it  is  about  to  expire. 


HOW    TO    BECOME  .^,  /i^ITlZEN  f)3 

11.  Wife,  Minor  Children,  and  Servants. — When  the  ap- 
plicant is  accompanied  by  his  wife,  minor  children,  or  servant 
who  would  be  entitled  to  receive  a  passport,  it  will  be  sufficient 
to  state  the  fact,  giving  the  respective  ages  of  the  children  and 
the  allegiance  of  the  servant,  when  one  passport  will  suffice  for 
all.  For  any  other  person  in  the  party  a  separate  passport  will 
be  required.  A  woman's  passport  may  hiclude  her  minor  chil- 
dren and  servant  under  the  above-named  conditions. 

(The  term  servant  does  not  include  a  governess,  tutor, 
pupil,  companion,  or  person  holding  like  relations  to  the  appli- 
cant for  a  passport.) 

12.  Titles. — Professional  and  other  titles  will  not  be  in- 
serted in  passports. 

13.  Blank  Forms  of  Application. — They  will  be  furnished 
by  the  Department  to  persons  who  desire  to  apply  for  pass- 
ix)rts,  but  are  not  furnished,  except  as  samples,  to  those  who 
make  a  business  of  procuring  passports. 

14.  Address. — Communications  should  be  addressed  to 
the  Department  of  State,  Bureau  of  Citizenship,  and  each  com- 
munication should  give  the  post-office  address  of  the  person  to 
whom  the  answer  is  to  be  directed. 

Section  4075  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States, 
as  amended  by  the  Act  of  Congress,  approved  June  14,  1902, 
provides  that  "the  Secretary  of  State  may  grant  and  issue  pass- 
ports, and  cause  passports  to  be  granted,  issued  and  verified  in 
foreign  countries  by  such  diplomatic  or  consular  officers  of  the 
United  States,  and  by  such  chief  or  other  executive  officer  of 
the  insular  possessions  of  the  United  States,  and  under  such 
rules  as  the  President  shall  designate  and  prescribe  for  and  on 
behalf  of  the  United  States."  The  foregoing  rules  are  accord- 
ingly prescribed  for  the  granting  and  issuing  of  passports  in 
the  United  States. 

The  Secretary  of  State  is  authorized  to  make  regulations 
on  the  subject  of  granting  and  issuing  passports  additional  to 
these  rules  and  not  inconsistent  with  them. 


t 
? 

? 

• 

We  Announce  the  Publication  of  I 

I 

Kallmeyer  s.  Practical   Legal      I 
and  Business  Manual  i 

by  j 

CHARLES  KALLMEYER,   Ph.  D.  | 


This  book  is  a  necessity  to  everybody.  It 
should  have  a  prominent  place  in  each  business, 
office  and  family.  Every  one  is  engaged  in  some 
business  transaction  occasionally  or  called  upon 
to  answer  some  question  affecting  his  domestic 
or  family  affairs.  Business  relations  are  becom- 
ing more  and  more  complex,  the  requirements 
and  demands  which  business  exacts  from  its 
votaries  are  more  strenuous  than  twenty  or  thirty 
years  ago.  Hence  every  business  man  should 
acquire  at  least  some  familiarity  with  the  laws 
which  govern  his  daily  transactions  and  deter- 
mine his  rights  and  remedies,  aAd  particularly 
the  young  man  entering  upon  his  business  career 
should  properly  equip  himself  with  a  knowledge 
of  business  law. 

Here  the  author  has  compiled  in  a  brief  trea- 
tise, in  language  easily  comprehensible,  the  laws 
on  every-day  business  transactions,  on  promis- 
sory notes,  checks,  bills  of  sale,  deeds,  mortgages, 
leases,  useful  hints  in  drawing  contracts,  entering 
into  partnership  agreements,  making  wills,  powers 
of    attorney,    practical    suggestions,    etc.,    etc. — 


.»^»..»,»,„  ,    ,    >ii>»«iHi  ti  I  H    t    ■    »ii>i>ii 


this  bringing  within  the  reach  of  everybody  the 
possibiHty  to  acquire  a  useful  and  practical 
knowledge  of  business  law  at  the  cost  of  little 
time  and  making  this  book  a  real  guide  for  busi- 
ness people. 

A  brief  summary  of  its  contents  is  subjoined: 

CONTENTS 
Preface;  Acknowledgments;  Affidavits;  Con- 
tracts and  Agreements ;  Bills,  Promissory  Notes  and 
Checks ;  Bill  of  Sale  (Transfer  of  Personal  Prop- 
erty);  Chattel  Mortgages;  Deeds;  Mortgages  of 
Real  Property;  Lease  (Landlord  and  Tenant); 
Dower;  Domestic  Relations  Law  (Husband  and 
Wife,  Infants,  Adoption) ;  Matrimonial  Actions 
(Annulment  of  Marriage,  Absolute  Divorce  and 
Separation) ;  Partnership ;  Corporations ;  Power  of 
Attorney;  Receipts  and  Releases;  Notary  Public; 
Wills;  Executors  and  Administrators;  Poor  Laws. 

APPENDIX 

Practical  Suggestions — On  Buying  a  Business; 
Illustration  on  the  Purchase  of  a  Furnished  Room 
House ;  On  Selling  a  Business ;  On  the  Purchase  of 
Real  Estate  and  Lots;  As  to  Security  Furnished 
by  Employees. 

Price,  $L00.    In  English  and  German  in  One  Volume. 
May  be  ordered  directly  from  us  or  through 
your  wholesale  house. 

Charles  Kallmeyer  Publishing  Company 

205  BAST  45th  STREET,   NEW  YORK 


Remittance  must  accompany  all  orders. 
ALL  BOOKS  SHIPPED   FREE  OF  CHARGE. 


— <■  •  •  »i  i 


Hierdurch  erlauben  wir  uns,  Ihre  Aufmerksamkeit  auf  das 
von  dem  New  Yorker  Notar  und  Sprachlehrer  Charles  Kall- 
meyer  verfasste  Gesetzbuch 

„Notar  Kallmeyer^s  Praktischer  Ratgeber^^ 

zu  lenken,  dessen  Inhalt  Sic  in  kurzem  Auszuge  untenstehend 
verzeichnet  linden. 

Dieses  Buch  entspricht  einem  dringenden  Bediirfnisse,  es 
sollte  in  keinem  Bureau,  in  keinem  Geschaftskontor,  in  keinem 
Haushalte  fehlen,  denn  die  darin  festgelegten  Rechtsgrundsatze 
sind  solche,  die  auf  das  tagliche  Leben  Anwendung  finden,  all- 
taglich  in  alien  moglichen  Transaktionen  in  Frage  kommen,  und 
die  Kenntnis  derselben  schiitzt  vor  Unannehmlichkeiten,  vor 
Verlusten. 

Der  Verfasser  blickt  auf  eine  25jahrige  Tatigkeit  im  offent- 
lichen  Leben  zuriick,  als  offentlicher  Notar  sowohl,  wie  als  Lei- 
ter  einer  Sprachschule  und  eines  umfangreichen  Grundeigentums- 
Geschaftes ;  er  verf tigt  demnach  iiber  einen  reichen  Schatz  prak- 
tischer Erfahrung  und  griindlichen  Wissens,  einen  Schatz,  den 
er  in  seinem  Buche  jedermann  zuganglich  macht,  und  zwar 
in  leicht  fasslicher,  allgemein  verstandlicher  Form.  Der  Preis 
des  hochelegant  gebundenen,  iiberaus  handlichen  Buches — 
Deutsch  und  Englisch  in  einem  Bande — betragt  nur  $i.oo. 

Die    Zusendung    erfolgt    gegen    Einsendung    des    Betrages 

^  '  Mit  vorzuglicher  Hochachtung 

Charles  Kallmeyer  Publishing  Company, 

205  East  45th  Street,  New  York. 


Inhalts-Uebersicht : 


Beglaubigungen. 

Beschworene    Aussagen    (eides- 

stattliche    Erklarungen). 

Vertragliche     Abkommen     aller 

Art. 

Rechnungen,    Wechsel,    Checks. 

Kaufvertrage. 

Hypotheken    auf    Mobilien    und 

Geschafte  aller  Art. 

Besitztitel. 

Hypotheken     auf     Grundstucke 

und    Liegenschaften. 

Mietsvertrage     (Vermieter     und 

Mieter). 

Mitgift,      Ausstattung,      Einge- 

brachtes. 

Gesetzliche     Bestimmungen    im 

Verhaltnis  der   Familiennutglie- 


der  zu  einander  (Mann,  Frau, 
Kinder,  Adoption,  Volljahrig- 
keit,    Heirat). 

12.  Scheidungen,  absolute  und  zwi- 
schen  Tisch  und  Bett. 

13.  Societatsvertrage     und     Beteili- 
gungen. 

14.  Gesellschaftsvertrage     und     Ge- 
sellschaftcn. 

15.  Vollmachten. 

16.  Quittungen     und     Loschungsbe- 
willigungen. 

17.  Oeffentlicher   Notar. 

18.  Testamente. 

19.  Vermogensverwalter  und  Testa- 
mentsvollstrecker. 

20.  Armenrecht. 


Anhang: 


Praktische  Winke  fur  den  An- 
kauf  eines  Geschafts. 
Beispiele  fiir  den  Ankauf  eines 
moblierten  Hauses  und  War- 
nung  vor  dabei  vorkommenden 
Unregelmassigkeiten. 


3.  Ueber    den    Verkauf    eines    Ge- 
schafts. 

4.  Ueber   den   Ankauf   von    Grund 
und  Boden  und  Baustellen. 

5.  Ueber   Sicherheiten    von    Ange- 
stellten   (Kautionen). 


Wie  werde  ich  Burger 

Vereinlgten  Staaten  von  Amerika? 


Herautgegeben  von 

Charles  Kallmeyer  Publishing  Company 

205  Ost  45.  Strasse 
NEW  YORK 


INHALTS-VERZEICHNIS. 


Der  Treueid  5 

Vorwort   6 

ABTEILUNG  I. 

Erforderliche  Eigenschaften,  um   BQrger  der  Ver.  Staaten  werden  zu 

kdnnen. 

Kapitel  I. 

Eine  kurze  Uebersicht  der  Bedingungen  und  erforderlichen  Eigen- 

schaften,  um  Burger  der  Ver.  Staaten  werden  zu  konnen 7 

Biirgerrecht  Gegenstand  des  Rechts 7 

Manner,  unverheiratete  Frauen  und  Witwen 7 

Minderjahrige   und   Vorschriften    beziiglich    Kinder,    die   untcr   oder 

ausserhalb  der  Gerichtsbarkeit  der  Ver.  Staaten  geboren  wurden    8 

Vorschriften  in  Bezug  auf  verheiratete  Frauen g 

Wer  kann  Burger  der  Ver.  Staaten  werden 10 

Freie    Personen    weisser    Farbe    und    Auslander    afrikanischer    Ab- 

stammung 10 

Chinesen 10 

Auslandische  Soldaten 

Ehrenvoll   entlassene   Auslander   aus   der   Ver.    Staaten    Marine  oder 

Marinecorps    10 

Auslandische  Seeleute  bei  der  Ver.  Staaten  Handelsmarine 10 

Einwohner  der  von  den  Ver.  Staaten  organisierten  Territorien  und  ihre 

Bestimmungen  11 

Die  Naturalisation  auslandischer  Feinde  verboten Il 

Namensanderung ll 

Kapitel  II. 

An  was  fiir  einen  Gerichtshof  soli  man  sich  wenden 12 

Bundesgericht 12 

Staats-Gerichtshofe 12 

Gesuche  an  Staats-Gerichtshofe '.   12 

Gebiihren    13 

Duplikate  fur  verlorene  Papiere 13 

Das    Stimmrecht    IJ 

Vorschriften  beziiglich  naturalisierter  Burger,  die  ihren  Wohnsitz  im 

Auslande  genommen  haben 13 

Vorschriften  beziiglich  Biirger,  die  nach  ihrer  Naturalisation  ins  Aus- 

land  verzogen  sind 14 


4 

Kapitel  III. 

Strafen 14 

Straf en  fur  Falschung  von  Biirgerscheinen 14 

Strafen  fiir  ungesetzliches  Gravicren  einer  Platte  ahnlich  einem  Biir- 

gerscheine 15 

Strafen  fur  ungesetzlich  zuwege  gebrachte  Naturalisation 15 

ABTEILUNG  II. 

Das  Verfahren,    um  das  Biirgerrecht  zu  erhalten. 

Kapitel  IV. 

Wie  erlangt  man  das  „erste  Papier" 16 

K  a  p  i  t  e  1  V. 
Wie  erhalt  man  das  „zweite  Papier",  oder  die  endgiiltige  Bescheini- 

gung  der  Naturalisation 17 

Zeugen 18 

Bescheinigung  vom  Einwanderungs-Commissar 18 

Neunzig  Tage  miissen  vergehen,  bevor  die  endgiiltige  Bescheinigung 
bewilligt  wird  ; 19 

K  a  p  i  t  e  1  VI. 
Wichtige    Aufklarungen    19 

ABTEILUNG  III. 
Fragen  und  Antworten 21 

Kapitel  VII. 
Fragen  fiir  die  Herausnahme  des  „ersten  Papieres" 2! 

Kapitel  VIII. 
Fragen,  die  bei  der  Herausnahme  des  „zweiten  oder  letzten  Papieres" 
gestellt  werden 22 

Kapitel  IX. 
Fragen  an  den  Applikanten  und  Zeugen 24 

Kapitel  X. 
Fragen,  die  von  den  Gerichten  beim  letzten  Verhor  gestellt  werden, 

und  die  Antworten  dazu "^^ 

Ueber  die  Verfassung  der  Ver.  Staaten 27 

Ueber  den  Congress  (gesetzgebende  Abteilung  der  Regierung) 28 

Ueber  den  Prasidenten  u.  s.  w 30 

Ueber  das  Obergericht  der  Ver,  Staaten 3* 

Ueber  Staats-Gesetze ZZ 


Der  Treueid  fur  die  Vereinigten  Staaten. 

Ich  erklare  hiermit  unter  f eierlichem  Eid  vor  einem  offent- 
lichen  Gerichtshof,  dass  ich  die  Verfassung  der  Ver.  Staaten 
unterstiitzen  will,  dass  ich  fiir  nun  und  immerdar  alle  Treue 
und  Ergebenheit  irgend  einem  auslandischen  Fiirsten,  Macht- 
haber,  Staatswesen,  oder  einer  Souveranitat,  besonders  (dem, 
dessen  Untertan  ich  bin)  entsage  und  abschwore;  dass  ich  von 
nun  an  die  Verfassung  und  Gesetze  der  Ver.  Staaten  gegen 
alle  Feinde,  sowohl  innere  als  auch  aussere,  verteidigen  will, 
denselben  aufrichtigen  Glauben  und  Ergebenheit  entgegen- 
bringen  werde:  So  wahr  mir  Gott  helfe! 


VORWORT. 

Es  ist  eine  geniigend  bekannte  Tatsache,  dass  viele  Ein- 
wanderer  es  unterlassen,  entweder  aus  einfacher  Nach- 
lassigkeit,  oder  aus  Furcht,  dass  sie  vielleicht  die  bei  der 
Naturalisation  an  sie  gerichteten  Fragen  nicht  werden  be- 
antworten  konnen,  von  ihrem  Rechte,  Biarger  zu  werden, 
Gebrauch  zu  machen.  Denn  nach  den  Gesetzen  der 
Vereinigten  Staaten  kann  ein  jeder  unbescholtene  Aus- 
lander  Burger  der  Vereinigten  Staaten  werden.  Deshalb  hat 
sich  nun  der  Verfasser  dieses  Buches,  welches  zuerst  in  eng- 
lischer  Sprache  allein  erschien,  der  grossen  Miihe  unterzogen, 
dasselbe  auch  in  deutscher  Sprache  erscheinen  zu  lassen.  Er 
hatte  vor  allem  an  seine  eigenen  Landsleute  gedacht.  Denn 
die  haben  den  grossten  Teil  durch  ihr  vielf  aches  Verlangen  und 
Bitten  dazu  beigetragen,  dass  dieses  Buch  in  deutscher  Sprache 
erscheint.  Hierdurch  glaubt  nun  der  Verfasser  den  so  langst 
gehegten  Herzenswunsch  sehr  Vieler  erfiillt  zu  haben.  Denn 
so  manch  bescheidener  deutscher  Einwanderer  hatte  sich  sehr 
gerne  um  das  Biirgerrecht  beworben,  aber  nichts  stand  ihm 
zur  Verfiigung,  was  ihm  einige  Fingerzeige  in  dieser  Bezie- 
hung  hatte  geben  konnen. 

Hier  ist  nun  das  Buch,  in  einem  klaren  und  verstandlichen 
Deutsch  geschrieben,  um  einem  jeden,  der  des  Englischen  nicht 
geniigend  machtig  ist,  Gelegenheit  zu  geben,  sich  um  das  ame- 
rikanische  Biirgerrecht  bewerben  zu  konnen. 

Mogen  sich  nun  alle  Leser  dieses  Buches  der  Segnungen 
der  Freiheit  dieses  so  herrlichen  Landes  erfreuen. 

Dei*  Vei»fas$et»m 


Wie  werde  ich  Biirger  7 

Abteilung  I. 

Die  erforderlichen  Eigenschaften,  um  Burger  der  Ver.  Staaten 
von  Amerika  werden  zu  konnen. 

Kapitel    I. 

Eine    kurze    Uebersicht    iiber    die    Bedingungen    und    erforderlichen 

Eigenschaften,  um  das  Biirgerrecht  der  Ver.  Staaten 

erhalten  zu  konnen. 

Wenn  hier  der  Aiisdriick  „erstes  Papier"  angewandt  wird, 
so  ist  damit  gemeint,  dass  jemand  die  „Absicht  kundgab", 
Biirger  der  Ver.  Staaten  werden  zu  wollen.  Wenn  hier  die 
Rede  vom  „zweiten  Papier"  ist,  so  ist  es  gleichbedeutend  mit 
dem  Ausdruck  ,,eine  endgiiltige  Bescheinigung  des  Biirger- 
rechtes". 

Biirgerrecht  Gegenstand  des  Rechts. 

Nach  den  Gesetzen  der  Ver.  Staaten  geniesst  ein  Aus- 
lander  das  voile  Recht,  zum  Biirgerrecht  zugelasen  zu  werden, 
vorausgesetzt,  dass  er  die  erforderlichen  Eigenschaften  besitzt, 
die  gestellten  Bedingungen  erfiillt,  und  das  vom  Gesetz  vor- 
geschriebene  Verfahren  genau  befolgt. 

Bedingungen  und  Eigenschaften  der  Manner,  unverheirateter  Frauen 

Oder  Witwen. 

Der  Applikant  muss  mindestens  fiinf  Jahre  ununterbrochen 
bis  unmittelbar  vor  seiner  Applikation  in  den  Vereinigten 
Staaten,  und  davon  wenigstens  ein  Jahr  in  jenem  Staate  oder 
Territorium,  in  welchem  er  fiir  sein  Biirgerrecht  nachsucht, 
gewohnt  haben. 

Dass  er  wahrend  der  Zeit  einen  ordentlichen  Lebenswandel 
gefiihrt  und  sich  als  ein  Mann  von  gutem  Charakter  bewahrt 
hatte. 

Dass  er  den  Prinzipien  der  Ver.  Staaten- Verfassung  er- 
geben  ist. 

Dass  er  zur  Zeit  seiner  Applikation  fiir  das  „zweite 
Papier"  die  englische  Sprache  beherrscht,  wenn  er  nicht  durch 
Krankheit  daran  gehindert  ist. 

Ausnahmen  bilden :  Erstens,  Personen,  die  um  ein  Heimats- 


8  Wie  werde  ich  Burger 

recht  nachsuchen  und  die  damit  verbundenen  Bedingungen  und 
Vorschriften  vollfullen;  von  ihnen  wird  Kenntnis  der  eng- 
lischen  Sprache  nicht  verlangt.  Zweitens,  Personen,  die  ihr 
„erstes  Papier"  vor  dem  28.  September  1906  herausgenommen 
batten. 

Dass  der  Applikant  kein  Anarchist  ist,  oder  anarchisti- 
schen  Grundsatzen  huldigt. 

Oder  irgend  einem  Orden  angehore,  der  Widerstand  gegen 
ein  geordnetes  Regierungssystem  lehrt,  oder  einer  Organisa- 
tion, die  zu  ungesetzHchen  Pflichten  auffordert  oder  lehrt, 
einen  Regierungsbeamten  anzugreifen  oder  zu  toten,  weil  er 
ein  Beamter  ist. 

Er  darf  keine  Vielweiberei  treiben. 

Er  muss  auf  jeden  erblichen  Titel  oder  Adelsprivileg  ver- 
zichten. 

Er  muss  sich  jeder  Treue  und  Ergebenheit  zu  irgend  einem 
auslandischen  Fiirsten,  Machthaber,  Stadt  oder  Staat,  dessen 
Untertan  oder  Burger  er  zur  Zeit  ist,  als  er  um  das  Biirger- 
recht  nachsucht,  vollstandig  entsagen. 

Er  muss  mindestens  zwei  Jahre,  aber  nicht  langer  als 
sieben,  im  Besitze  des  „ersten  Papieres"  sein,  bevor  er  um 
sein  „zweites  Papier"  nachsucht. 

Hat  er  aber  langer  als  sieben  Jahre  mit  der  Herausnahme 
des  „zweiten  Papieres"  gewartet,  so  wird  sein  „erstes  Papier" 
fiir  null  und  nichtig  erklart. 

Ausnahme:  Eine  Person,  die  ihr  ,,erstes  Papier"  vor  dem 
28.  September  1906  erhalten,  ist  zum  „zweiten  Papier"  berech- 
tigt,  trotzdem  dieselbe  mehr  als  sieben  Jahre  im  Besitze  des 
„ersten  Papieres"  und  auch  der  englischen  Sprache  nicht 
machtig  ist. 

Bedingungen  fur  Minderjahrige.  —  Bestimmungen  fur  Kinder,  die 

unter  oder  ausserhalb  der  Gerichtsbarkeit 

der  Ver.  Staaten  geboren  sind. 

Minder jahrig  sind  Personen,  die  nicht  21  Jahre  alt  sind. 
Vorher  konnte  eine  minderjahrige  Person,  sobald  sie  21 
Jahre  alt  wurde,  ohne  das  „erste  Papier"  vorher  erlangt  zu 


Wie  werde  ich  Burger  9 

haben,  natiiralisiert  werden.  Dieses  Gesetz  ist  nun  ausser 
Kraft. 

Ein  minderjahriger  Auslander  kann  sein  „erstes  Papier" 
erhalten,  sobald  er  18  Jahre  alt  ist. 

Um  aber  Burger  zu  werden,  muss  er  erstens:  Mindestens 
zwei  Jahre  im  Besitze  des  „ersten  Papieres"  sein;  zweitens: 
21  Jahre  alt  sein;  und  drittens:  fiinf  Jahre  ununterbrochen  in 
den  Ver.  Staaten  gewohnt  haben. 

Kinder,  die  beim  Tode  ihres  Vaters  nicht  21  Jahre  alt 
waren,  er  aber  im  Besitze  des  „ersten  Papieres",  ohne  vorher 
sein  endgiiltiges  Biirgerrecht  erlangt  zu  haben,  verstorben  ist, 
konnen  auf  Grund  dessen,  sobald  sie  das  21.  Lebensjahr 
erreicht  haben,  naturalisiert  werden. 

Im  Falle,  dass  ein  Ehemann,  der  im  Besitze  des  „ersten  Pa- 
pieres" war,  ohne  voiles  Biirgerrecht  zu  haben,  verstorben  ist, 
kann  die  Ehefrau,  so  lange  sie  unverheiratet  bleibt,  auf  Grund 
ihres  verstorbenen  Gatten  „erstes  Papier"  das  „zweite  Papier" 
erlangen,  und  alle  Kinder,  die  zur  Zeit  der  Naturalisation  der 
Mutter  nicht  21  Jahre  alt  sind,  mit  ihr  das  Biirgerrecht  er- 
halten. 

Kinder  von  Immigranten,  die  in  den  Ver.  Staaten  geboren 
werden  und  daselbst  wohnen,  werden  Kraft  ihrer  Geburt  in 
den  Ver.  Staaten  vom  Gesetz  als  vollberechtigte  Biirger  aner- 
kannt. 

Kinder  von  Immigranten,  die  ausserhalb  der  Ver.  Staaten 
geboren  sind,  werden  Biirger  durch  die  Naturalisation  ihres 
Vaters,  vorausgesetzt,  dass  sie  zu  dieser  Zeit  noch  nicht  21 
Jahre  alt  sind. 

Solche  Kinder  sind  aber  keine  vollen  Biirger,  bevor  sie  sich 
ganzlich  in  den  Ver.  Staaten  niedergelassen  haben. 

Kinder  von  Biirgern,  die  ausserhalb  der  Grenzen  und  Ge- 
richtsbarkeit  der  Ver.  Staaten  geboren  sind,  werden  als  Biirger 
betrachtet. 

Vorschriften   beziiglich   vcrhciratctcr   Frauen. 

Eine  verheiratete  Frau  erhalt  das  Biirgerrecht  durch  die 
Naturalisation  ihres  Mannes,  wenn  sie  auch  nicht  voile  fiinf 


10  Wie  werde  ich  Burger 

Jahre  in  den  Ver.  Staaten  gewohnt  hat,  und  auch  noch  zur  Zeit 
der  Naturalisation  ihres  Ehemannes  immer  im  Auslande  wohnt. 
Madchen  und  Witwen,  einerlei,  ob  sie  unter  oder  iiber  21 
Jahre  alt  sind,  erhalten  ohne  weiteres  das  Biirgerrecht  durch 
eine  Heirat  mit  einem  Burger  der  Ver.  Staaten. 

Wer  kann  Burger  der  Ver.  Staaten  werden. 

Freie  Personen  weisser   Farbe  und   Auslander  afrikanischer 
Abstammung. 

Ein  jeder  freier  Auslander  weisser  Hautfarbe  und  ein  Aus- 
lander afrikanischer  Abstammung  oder  in  Afrika  geboren, 
kann  Biirger  werden. 

Chinesen. 

Das  Naturalisieren  der  Chinesen  verbietet  das  Gesetz  der 
Ver.  Staaten  von  Amerika. 

Auslandische  Soldaten. 

Ein  Auslander,  der  in  das  Heer  der  Ver.  Staaten  einge- 
treten  ist  und  einen  sittlichen  Lebenswandel  fuhrt,  wird  beim 
Alter  von  21  Jahren,  nachdem  er  sich  ein  Jahr  in  den  Ver. 
Staaten  aufhielt,  ohne  vorher  das  „erste  Papier"  heraus- 
genommen  zu  haben,  zum  Burgerrecht  zugelassen. 

Ehrenvoll  entlassene  Auslander  aus  der  Ver.   Staaten  Marine  oder 

Marinecorps. 

Ein  jeder  Auslander  vom  21.  Lebensjahre  und  weiter,  der 
funf  Jahre  ununterbrochen  bei  der  Ver.  Staaten  Marine  gedient 
hat  oder  dienen  will,  oder  an  einer  Anwerbung  bei  dem  Ver. 
Staaten  Marinecorps  teilgenommen  hat  und  dann  ehrenvoll 
entlassen  wird,  kann  Burger  der  Ver.  Staaten  werden,  ohne 
vorher  das  „erste  Papier"  erlangt  zu  haben. 

Auslandische  Seeleute  bei  der  Ver.  Staaten  Handelsmarine. 

Ein  auslandischer  Seemann  kann  nach  dreijahriger  Dienst- 
zeit  auf  einem  amerikanischen  Handelsschiff  Burger  werden. 
Ein  jeder   auslandische   Seemann,   der   sein   „erstes   Papier" 


Wie  werde  ich  BUrger  II 

erlangt  unci  voile  drei  Jahre  vom  Datum  des  ,,ersten  Papiers" 
an  Bord  eines  der  Ver.  Staaten  Handelsschiflfe  dienen  wird, 
kann  auf  sein  Ansuchen  das  amerikanische  Burger recht  cr- 
halten,  wenn  er  folgende  Papiere  beibringen  kann: 

1.  Eine  Bescheinigung  seiner  Entlassung  und  ein  Fiih- 
rungszeugnis  von  seiner  Dienstzeit. 

2.  Sein  „erstes  Papier". 

Ein  soldier  Seemann  geniesst  den  vollen  Schutz  eines 
amerikanischen  Burgers  gleich  nach  der  Herausnahme  des 
„ersten  Papieres". 

Einwohner  der  von  den  Ver.  Staaten  organisierten  Territorien  und 
ihre  Bestimmungen. 

Alle  Verordnungen  beziiglich  der  Naturalisations-Gesetze 
der  Ver.  Staaten  sollen  so  gehandhabt  werden,  dass  sie  alien 
Nichtburgern,  die  den  Ver.  Staaten  ganz  ergeben  und  Be- 
wohner  eines  Staates  oder  eines  von  den  Ver.  Staaten  organi- 
sierten Territoriums  sind,  die  Zulassung  zum  Burgerrecht  er- 
moglichen  und  zwar  unter  folgenden  Bestimmungen:  Der 
Applikant  soil  nicht  aufgefordert  werden,  sich  der  Treue  zu 
einer  auslandischen  Regierung  zu  entsagen. 

Er  soil  eine  Erklarung,  dass  er  Burger  werden  will,  zwei 
Jahre  vor  seiner  Zulassung  abgeben. 

Er  soil  ferner  unter  der  Gerichtsbarkeit  der  Ver.  Staaten 
wohnen,  wobei  die  Niederlassung  in  solcher  Gerichtsbarkeit 
der  Ver.  Staaten  ihm  gleich  einer  Niederlassung  innerhalb 
der  Ver.  Staaten  angerechnet  wird. 

Die  Naturalisierung  auslandischer  Feinde  ist  verboten. 

Auslander,  die  Burger  oder  Untertanen  eines  Landes  sind, 
mit  welchem  die  Ver.  Staaten  Krieg  fiihren,  konnen  wahrend 
der  Dauer  des  Krieges  nicht  Burger  werden.  Diese  Bestim- 
mung  ist  jedoch  gesetzlichen  Ausnahmen  unterworfen. 

Namensanderung. 

Es  ist  dem  Gerichtshof  gestattet,  zur  Zeit  und  als  Teil  der 
Naturalisation  eines  Auslanders,  auf  sein  Ansuchen  eine  Ent- 


12  Wie  werde  ich  Burger 

scheidung  iiber  die  Namensanderung,  die  der  betreffende  Appli- 
kant  vornehmen  will,  abzugeben. 

Die  Naturalisations-Urkunde  muss  dann  demgemass  aus- 
gestellt  werden. 

K  a  p  i  t  e  1  II. 
An  was  fiir  einen  Gerichtshof  soil  man  sich  wenden. 

Der  Applikant  kann  sich  um  die  Zulassung  zum  Biirger- 
recht  entweder  an  das  Bundesgericht  oder  an  ein  Staatsgericht 
wenden. 

Bundesgericht. 

Bundesgerichte  sind  ein  jedes  Kreis-  oder  Bezirks-Gericht 
der  Ver.  Staaten,  in  welchem  Bezirk  der  Applikant  sesshaft  ist. 

Das  Bundesgericht  vom  Staate  New  York  zerteilt  sich  auf 
vier  besondere  Bezirke,  wie  auf  einen  nord-,  siid-,  ost-  und 
westlichen. 

Der  Sitz  des  Ver.  Staaten  Bezirksgerichtes  fiir  den  siid- 
lichen  Bezirk  von  New  York  befindet  sich  im  Hauptpost- 
gebaude  der  Stadt  New  York. 

Der  Sitz  des  Ver.  Staaten  Bezirks-  oder  Kreisgerichts  fiir 
den  ostlichen  Bezirk  befindet  sich  im  Hauptpostgebaude  von 
Brooklyn,  Stadt  New  York. 

Staats-Gerichtshofe. 
Gesuchs  an  Staats-Gerichtshofe. 

Staatsgerichte,  an  die  Gesuche  fiir  das  Biirgerrecht  ge- 
richtet  werden  konnen,  sind  alle  Gerichtshof e,  in  welchen  ein 
Siegel  und  ein  Gerichtsschreiber  vorhanden  sind,  und  ferner 
die,  welche  Gerichtsbarkeit  in  gesetzlichen  Handlungen  oder 
Billigkeitsverfahren  haben,  und  in  welchen  die  Summe,  um  die 
der  Prozess  gefiihrt  wird,  unbegrenzt  ist. 

Das  Gesuch  an  das  Staatsgericht  muss  in  dem  Bezirk 
gemacht  werden,  in  welchem  der  betreffende  Applikant  wohnt. 
Stadt-,  Polizei-  und  Kriminal-Gerichte  haben  keine  Befugnis, 
Biirgerpapiere  auszustellen. 


Wie  werde  ich  BUrger  13 

Die  GebOhren. 

Das  „erste  Papier"  kostet  einen  Dollar. 
Das  „zweite  Papier",  oder  die  endgiiltige  Bescheinigung 
des  Biirgerrechts,  kostet  vier  Dollar. 

Die  Gebiihren  sind  in  den  ganzen  Ver.  Staaten  dieselben. 

Duplikate  fttr  verlorene  Papiere. 

Ein  jeder,  der  das  „erste"  oder  „zweite  Papier"  verloren 
hat,  kann  ein  Duplikat  erhalten,  wenn  er  eidlich  den  Verlust 
des  betreffenden  Papieres  bekraftigt. 

Die  beschworene  Aussage  muss  vor  dem  Gerichtsschreiber 
desjenigen  Gerichtshofes  gemacht  werden,  an  welchen  das 
Gesuch  um  ein  Duplikat  gerichtet  worden  ist.  Diese  Besta- 
tigung  wird  dann  an  das  betreffende  Departement  nach  Wash- 
ington mit  dem  Ersuchen  eingesandt,  dass  dem  Gericht  die 
Erlaubnis  erteilt  wird,  dem  Applikanten  ein  Duplikat  ausstellen 
zu  diirfen. 

Das  Stimmrecht. 

In  einigen  Staaten  der  Union  erhalt  ein  Auslander,  der 
sein  „erstes  Papier"  erhalten  hat,  das  Stimmrecht  gleich  einem 
naturalisierten  oder  eingeborenen  Burger.  In  den  meisten 
Staaten  aber  erhalt  man  das  Stimmrecht  erst  nach  der  Bewil- 
ligung  des  ,,zweiten  Papieres". 

Der  Grund  des  Unterschiedes  im  Recht  zum  Stimmen  in  den 
betreffenden  Staaten  erklart  sich  dadurch,  dass  das  Recht  zum 
Stimmen  von  den  einzelnen  Staaten  erteilt  wird,  wahrend  die 
Naturalisation  ein  Recht  ist,  das  von  den  Ver.  Staaten  Gesetzen 
geschaffen  wurde  (und  nicht  von  irgend  einem  einzelnen 
Staate). 

Vorschriften   beziiglich   naturalisiertcr    Biirger,    die    ihren    Wohnsitz 
im  Auslande   gcnommen   haben. 

Wenn  irgend  ein  naturalisiertcr  Burger  innerhalb  der  fiinf 
Jahre,  in  denen  er  das  Biirgerrecht  erhalten  hat,  in  sein 
Heimatsland  oder  in  irgend  ein  fremdes  Land  zuriickkehrt 
und  sich  dort  dauernd  niederlasst,  so  wird  das  beim  ersten 
Blick  als  ein  Beweis  dafiir  betrachtet,  dass  ein  solch  naturali- 


14  Wie  werde  ich  Burger 

sierter  Auslander  nicht  die  Absicht  habe,  amerikanischer 
Burger  zu  sein,  und  sein  Biirgerbrief  kann  fiir  null  und  nichtig 
erklart  werden. 

Es  ist  zur  Aufgabe  der  Ver.  Staaten  Konsuln  im  Auslande 
gemacht  worden,  dass  sie  von  Zeit  zu  Zeit  dem  Justiz-Ministe- 
rium  die  Namen  solcher  Personen  mitteilen  sollen,  welche 
Biirgerscheine  von  den  Ver.  Staaten  haben  und  sich  im  Aus- 
lande dauernd  niederlassen  wollen. 

Vorschriften  beziiglich  Burger,  die  sich  nach  ihrer  Naturalisation  im 
Auslande  niederlassen. 

Sollte  irgend  ein  naturalisierter  amerikanischer  Biirger  zwei 
Jahre  in  dem  Lande,  aus  welchem  er  eingewandert  ist,  oder 
in  einem  fremden  Lande  fiinf  Jahre  wohnen,  so  wird  voraus- 
gesetzt,  dass  er  aufgehort  hat,  amerikanischer  Burger  zu  sein. 
Sein  Hauptaufenthaltsort  wird  dann  als  seine  Wohnstatte  fiir 
die  Zeit  betrachtet.  Es  ist  aber  dennoch  eine  Moglichkeit  vor- 
handen,  dass  solch  eine  Vermutung  durch  eine  bestimmte  Ver- 
ordnung  des  Staats-Ministeriums  widerlegt  wird,  wenn  man 
einem  Diplomaten  oder  Konsular-Beamten  geniigende  Beweise 
dafur  liefern  kann. 

Kapitel    III. 

Strafen. 
Strafen  fiir  Falschung  von  Biirgerscheinen  u.  s.  w. 

Eine  jede  Person,  die  falscht  oder  nachmacht,  oder  ver- 
ursacht,  dass  gefalscht  oder  nachgemacht  wird,  wissentlich 
mithilft  oder  unterstiitzt  das  Falschen  oder  Nachmachen  eines 
Biirgerscheines,  in  der  Absicht,  denselben  zu  gebrauchen,  oder, 
dass  eine  andere  oder  mehrere  Personen  denselben  gebrauchen 
sollen,  macht  sich  eines  Verbrechens  schuldig. 

Eine  Person,  die  solch  eines  Verbrechens  iiberfuhrt  wird, 
kann  mit  einer  Gefangnisstrafe  von  nicht  mehr  als  zehn  Jahren, 
oder  mit  einer  Geldstrafe  von  nicht  mehr  als  zehntausend 
Dollar,  oder  mit  beiden.  Geld  und  Gefangnis,  bestraft  werden. 


Wie  werde  ich  BUrger  15 

Strafen    fiir   ungesetxliches    Gravieren    einer    Platte,    fthnlich    einem 

Biirgerscheine. 

Eine  jede  Person,  die  graviert,  oder  verursacht,  dass  gra- 
viert  wird,  oder  das  Gravieren  einer  Platte  ahnlich  einem 
Burgerscheine  unterstiitzt,  solche  Platten  verkauft,  oder  sie 
von  irgend  einem  Orte  im  Auslande  importiert,  ausgenommen, 
dass  es  mit  der  Erlaubnis  des  Handels-  und  Arbeits-Ministe- 
riums  oder  eines  Beamten  geschieht,  kann  mit  einer  Gefangnis- 
strafe  von  nicht  iiber  lo  Jahren,  oder  mit  einer  Geldstrafe  von 
nicht  mehr  als  10,000  Dollar,  oder  mit  beiden,  Gefangnis  und 
Geld,  bestraft  werden. 

Eine  jede  Person,  die  im  Besitze  einer  Platte  ist,  die  ahn- 
lich graviert  ist  einer  Platte  mit  welcher  bereits  Burgerscheine 
gedruckt  worden  sind,  und  die  Absicht  hat,  diese  Platte  zum 
Falschen  von  Biirgerscheinen  zu  gebrauch^n,  oder  gestattet, 
dass  die  Platte  zu  solchen  Zwecken,  und  wenn  auch  nur  ein 
Teil  gebraucht  wird,  kann  wie  oben  gesagt  bestraft  werden. 

Eine  jede  Person,  welche  druckt  oder  photographiert  oder 
verursacht  das  Drucken  oder  Photograph ieren  einer  Druck- 
form  ahnlich  einem  Burgerschein,  wird  wie  vorher  genannt 
bestraft. 

Eine  Person,  die  solche  Bescheinigungen  verkauft,  oder 
sie  von  irgend  einem  Orte  im  Auslande  in  die  Ver.  Staaten 
einfiihrt,  ausgenommen,  dass  es  unter  Aufsicht  eines  Beamten 
der  Ver.  Staaten  geschieht,  oder  eine  Person,  welche  im  Be- 
sitze eines  Papieres  ist,  welches  von  einem  Beamten  der  Ver. 
Staaten  zum  Drucken  solcher  Bescheinigungen  ausersehen 
worden  ist,  und  die  Person  die  Absicht  hat,  das  Papier  zu 
ungesetzlichen  Zwecken  zu  gebrauchen,  kann  mit  einer  Ge- 
fangnisstrafe  von  nicht  iiber  zehn  Jahren,  oder  mit  einer  Geld- 
strafe von  nicht  mehr  als  10,000  Dollar,  oder  mit  beiden,  Geld 
und  Gefangnis,  bestraft  werden. 

Strafen  fiir  ungesetzlich  zuwege  gebrachte  Naturalisation  u.  s.  w. 

Eine  Person,  welche  wissend  eine  falsche  Naturalisation  zu- 
wege bringt  und  die  Verfiigungen  bei  dieser  Handlung  verletzt. 
kann  mit  einer  Geldstrafe  von  nicht  uber  5,000  Dollar,  oder 


i6  Wie  werde  ich  Burger 

einer  Gefangnisstrafe  von  nicht  uber  fiinf  Jahren,  oder  mit 
beiden,  Geld  und  Gefangnis,  bestraft  werden. 

Es  ist  dem  Gerichtshof  anheimgestellt,  in  welchem  ein 
solches  Vergehen  untersucht  wird,  die  betreffende  Person  vom 
weiteren  Erwerb  des  Biirgerrechtes  ausschliessen  zu  kdnnen. 
Gerichtsbarkeit  in  solchen  Fallen  ist  den  Gerichtshofen  ver- 
liehen,  welche  das  Recht  haben,  bei  Untersuchung  eines  solchen 
Vergehens  genanntes  Urteil  zu  fallen. 

Eine  jede  Person,  welche  mithilft,  Rat  erteilt,  oder  ermutigt 
cine  andere  Person,  die  dazu  nicht  berechtigt  ist,  dass  dieselbe 
die  Vorbereitungs-Papiere  fiir  die  Naturalisation  hinterlegt, 
mit  der  Absicht,  Biirger  der  Ver.  Staaten  werden  zu  wollen ; 

Oder  eine  Person  welche  bei  einer  Naturalisation  ein  fal- 
sches  Zeugnis  bei  einer  wichtigen  Angelegenheit  ablegt,  oder 
eine  beschworene  Aussage  macht,  die  bei  solch  einem  Ver- 
fahren  unbedingt  nachgepriift  wird  und  sich  dann  als  falsch 
erweist,  kann  mit  einer  Geldstrafe  von  nicht  mehr  als  5,000 
Dollar,  oder  einer  Gefangnisstrafe  von  nicht  iiber  fiinf  Jahren, 
oder  mit  beiden.  Geld  und  Gefangnis,  bestraft  werden. 

Abteilung  II. 

Kapitel   IV. 

Das  Verfahren  bei  der  Nachsuchung  um  das  Burgerrecht. 

Wie  erlangt  man  das  „erste  Papier"? 

Das  sogenannte  „erste  Papier"  ist  eine  Erklarung  von 
Seiten  des  Applikanten,  dass  er  aus  gutem  Glauben  Biirger 
der  Ver.  Staaten  zu  werden,  und  sich  jeder  Treue  dem  Lande, 
dessen  Untertan  oder  Biirger  er  war,  zu  entsagen  beabsich- 
tige. 

Der  Applikant  muss  mindestens  18  Jahre  alt  sein. 

Er  soil  fiir  das  „erste  Papier"  entweder  bei  einem  der 
Ver.  Staaten  Kreis-  oder  Bezirksgerichte  im  selben  Bezirke,  in 
welchem  er  wohnt,  oder  bei  einem  Staats-Gericht,  das  gesetz- 
liche  Autorisation  hat,  Biirgerscheine  auszustellen,  nachsuchen. 

Er  hat  folgende  Angaben  zu  machen:  Namen,  Alter,  Ge- 


Wic  wcrde  ich  BUrger  17 

burtsort,  Beruf,  Kaufmann  oder  Handwerker,  seinen  vor- 
herigen  Aufenthaltsort  im  Auslande,  das  Datum  seiner  An- 
kunft,  den  Namen  des  SchiflFes,  auf  welchem  er  gekommen 
ist,  und  den  Namen  des  Hafens,  in  dem  er  gelandet  ist. 

Ferner  eine  genaue  Beschreibung  seiner  Person,  wie  Grosse, 
tlie  Farbe  vom  Haar,  der  Augen,  Gewicht  und  andere  sichtbaren 
Merkmale. 

Dass  er  kein  Anarchist  ist;  dass  er  keine  Vielweiberei  be- 
treibt;  dass  er  aus  gutem  Glauben  jeder  Treue  dem  Staate, 
dessen  Burger  oder  Untertan  er  ist,  sich  zu  entsagen  beabsich- 
tige. 

Dass  er  aus  Treue  Burger  der  Ver.  Staaten  von  Amerika 
werden  und  sich  daselbst  dauernd  niederlassen  will. 

Alle  vorherigen  Angaben  mussen  in  seine  Absichts-Erkla- 
rung  einverleibt,  mit  des  Applikanten  Unterschrift  versehen 
und  auch  beschworen  werden. 

Gedruckte  Formulare,  die  vom  Applikanten  ausgefiillt  und 
unterzeichnet  werden,  sind  vorgesehen.  (Vergl.  Seite  81  des 
englischen  Textes.) 

Das  „erste  Papier"  wird  im  Verlaufe  von  sieben  Jahren 
ungultig,  ausgenommen,  dass  der  Applikant  in  den  sieben 
Jahren  vom  Datum  des  „ersten  Papieres"  um  das  „zweite  Pa- 
pier" nachsucht. 

Zeugen  sind  zur  Herausnahme  des  „ersten  Papieres"  nicht 
notig. 

Kapitel    V. 

Wie  erhalt  man  das  „zwcite  Papier",  oder  die  endgiiltige  Beschei- 

nigung  der  Naturalisation? 

Bevor  zwei  voile  Jahre  vom  Datum  des  „ersten  Papieres" 
vergangen  sind,  kann  um  das  „zweite  Papier"  nicht  nachge- 
sucht  werden.  Das  Gesuch  fiir  das  „zweite  Papier"  muss  aber 
innerhalb  der  sieben  Jahre  vom  Datum  des  „ersten  Papieres" 
gemacht  werden,  denn  sonst  wird  das  „erste  Papier"  ungultig. 

Der  Applikant  muss  21  Jahre  alt  sein. 

Er  muss  fiinf  Jahre  ununterbrochen  in  den  Ver.  Staaten, 
und  davon  mindestens  ein  Jahr  in  dem  Staate,  in  welchem  er 
um  das  Burgerrecht  nachsucht,  gewohnt  haben. 


l8  Wie  werde  ich  Burger 

Er  soil  sein  Gesuch  an  einen  der  oben  erwahnten  Gerichts- 
hofe  richten. 

Auch  hier,  wie  bei  der  Heraiisnahme  des  „ersten  Papie- 
res",  muss  er  ein  geschriebenes  Gesuch  unterzeichnen  und 
folgende  Angaben  machen: 

Seinen  Vor-  und  Zunamen,  den  Ort  seines  Aufenthaltes, 
wie  Strasse  und  Hausnummer,  Beruf,  Geburtstag,  wann  er  in 
die  Ver.  Staaten  eingewandert  ist,  den  Namen  des  Schiffes, 
den  Tag  seiner  Ankunft,  den  Hafen,  in  dem  er  gelandet  ist, 
ob  verheiratet  oder  ledig,  den  Namen  und  Geburtstag  der  Frau, 
ihre  Wohnung,  die  Zahl  der  Kinder,  deren  Namen,  Geburtstag 
und  Ort,  wo  sich  ein  jedes  von  den  Kindern  aufhalt;  dass 
er  kein  Anarchist  ist,  keine  Vielweiberei  treibt;  dass  es 
seine  Absicht  ist.  Burger  der  Ver.  Staaten  zu  werden;  dass  er 
sich  der  Treue  zu  einem  jeden  fremden  Machthaber  entsagt; 
dass  er  englisch  sprechen  kann,  und  dass  er  voile  fiinf  Jahre 
in  den  Ver.  Staaten  gewohnt  hat. 

Das  Gesuch  muss  vom  Applikanten  unterzeichnet  und  be- 
schworen  werden.  Die  gedruckten  Formulare  hierfiir  sind 
beim  betreffenden  Gehulfen  des  Gerichtshofes  zu  haben  und 
sind  inhaltlich  der  auf  Seite  82 — 83  des  Buches  angegebenen 
Form  ahnlich. 

Zeugen. 

Nachdem  das  Gesuch  vom  Applikanten  unterzeichnet 
wurde,  folgt  die  Aussage  der  Zeugen. 

Die  Zeugen  miissen  Biirger  der  Ver.  Staaten  sein  (auch 
eine  Frau  kann  Zeuge  sein). 

Sie,  die  Zeugen,  miissen  angeben:  ihren  Beruf,  Wohnort, 
dass  sie  den  Applikanten  mindestens  seit  fiinf  Jahren  als  Ein- 
wohner  der  Ver.  Staaten  kennen,  dass  der  Applikant  eine  Per- 
son sittlichen  Charakters  ist,  dass  er  den  Prinzipien  der  Ver. 
Staaten- Ver fassung  ergeben,  und  dass  er,  der  Zeugen  Ansicht 
nach,  wiirdig  ist.  Burger  der  Ver.  Staaten  zu  werden. 

Bescheinigung   vom   Einwanderungs-Commissar. 

Wenn  der  Applikant  nach  dem  29.  Juni  1906  in  den  Ver. 
Staaten  gelandet  ist,  so  hat  er   um  eine  Bescheinigung  iiber 


Wic  werdc  ich  BUrger  19 

das  Datum  seiner  Ankiinft  von  dem  Ver.  Staaten  Kommissar 
des  Hafens,  in  vvelchem  er  gelandet  ist,  nachzusuchen. 

(Eine  Form  der  Erkliirung,  die  die  Zeugen  unterzeichnen 
und  beschworen  miissen,  befindet  sich  auf  Seite  83 — 84  des 
Buches. ) 

Des  Applikanten  Gesuch,  die  beschworene  Erklarung  der 
Zeugen  und  die  Bescheinigung  vom  Kommissar  (wenn  solche 
vorhanden)  mussen  beim  Gerichtshof  hinterlegt  werden. 

Neunzig  Tage  mussen  vergehen,  bcvor  die  endgiiltige  Bescheinigung 
der    Naturalisation    bewilligt    wird. 

Nachdem  das  Gesuch  eingereicht  wurde,  werden  die  Namen 
des  Applikanten  und  Zeugen  vom  Gerichtsschreiber  an  einem 
offentlichen  Platze  des  Gerichtshofes  angeschlagen.  Die  end- 
giiltige Bescheinigung  der  Naturalisation  wird  nicht  erteilt, 
bevor  wenigstens  90  Tage  vom  Datum,  an  welchem  das  Gesuch 
eingereicht  wurde,  verlaufen  sind. 

Dem  Applikanten  wird  es  gewohnlich  angezeigt,  an  wel- 
chem Tage  er  fiir  das  letzte  Verhor  vor  dem  Gericht  zu 
erscheinen  hat.  Biirgerrechte  werden  vor  einem  offentlichen 
Gerichte  erteilt.  Der  Applikant  hat  an  dem  festgesetzten  Tage 
mit  seinen  Zeugen  zu  erscheinen  und  wird  dann  vom  Richter 
im  offentlichen  Gericht  beziiglich  seiner  Wiirdigkeit  gepriift, 
und  auch  seine  Zeugen  werden  gepriift.  Wird  nun  der 
Appfikant  fiir  ^Vurdig  befunden,  so  wird  ihm  das  Biirgerrecht 
erteilt 

Im  Verlaufe  der  90  Tage  oder  mehr,  das  heisst  in  der 
Zwischenzeit,  wann  das  Gesuch  eingereicht  wurde  und  bis  zuni 
letzten  Verhor,  macht  der  Gerichtsgehiilfe  bei  den  verschie- 
denen  Abteilungen,  Einwanderungs-  und  Naturalisations- 
Bureaus  und  bei  alien  ihm  verfiigbaren  Auskunftsquellen  An- 
fragent  ob  die  vom  Applikanten  und  dessen  Zeugen  gemachten 
Aussagen  auf  Wahrheit  beruhen. 

Wichtige  Aufklarungen. 

Man  muss  zwei  Zeugen  haben  —  naturalisierte  oder  einge- 
borene  Biirger. 


20  Wie  werde  ich  Burger 

Wenn  die  Zeugen  naturalisierte  Burger  sind,  so  haben  sie 
ihre  Biirgerpapiere  mit  sich  ins  Gericht  zu  bringen. 

Man  muss  die  Zeugen  personlich  kennen  und  mit  ihnen 
mindestens  fiinf  Jahre  in  Beziehung  gewesen  sein. 

Sie,  die  Zeugen,  werden  aufgefordert,  zu  erklaren,  wie  und 
wann  sie  den  Betreffenden  kennen  gelernt  haben,  wie  oft  sie 
ihn  im  Laufe  der  fiinf  Jahre  oder  der  Zeit,  seit  der  sie  ihn 
kennen,  gesehen  haben. 

Man  nehme  solche  Zeugen,  die  man  wenigstens  ein-  oder 
zweimal  monathch  in  den  fiinf  Jahren  gesehen  hat.  Die 
Zeugen  miissen  einen  wenigstens  fiinf  Jahre  bis  unmittelbar 
vor  der  Zeit  wann  das  Gesuch  eingereicht  wurde,  kennen. 

Wenn  die  Zeugen  nicht  freiwilhg  ins  Gericht  kommen 
wollen,  so  kann  man  sie  gerichtHch  vorladen  lassen.  Wenn 
man  einen  Teil  der  fiinf  Jahre  in  einem  anderen  Staate  verlebt 
hatte  und  keine  Zeugen  in  der  Stadt  oder  Staat,  wo  um  das 
Burgerrecht  nachgesucht  wird,  haben  kann,  so  konnen  die  Zeu- 
gen, die  man  im  Staate  des  friiheren  Aufenthaltes  kennt,  ihre 
Aussagen  vor  einem  Bezirksanwalt  machen  und  dann  weiter 
befordern,  und  vom  AppHkanten  an  seinem  gegenwartigen 
Aufenthaltsort  gebraucht  werden. 

Man  sei  sehr  vorsichtig,  dass  alle  Fragen  genau  beantwortet 
werden:  besonders  die  richtigen  Namen  der  Frau  und  Kin- 
der, genau  den  Tag  ihrer  Geburt ;  denn  wird  hierbei  ein  Irrtum 
gemacht,  wie  zum  Beispiel  beim  Alter  eines  Kindes,  so  kann 
das  Kind  nicht  auf  Grund  der  NaturaHsation  des  Vaters  An- 
spruch  auf  das  Burgerrecht  erheben. 

Man  vermeide  daher  Irrtiimer  beim  Antworten,  und  achte 
sehr  darauf,  dass  die  Antworten  dieselben  sind  beim  Gesuche 
fiir  das  „erste"  als  auch  fiir  das  „zweite  Papier". 

Man  mache  keine  falschen  Angaben,  sei  es  mit  oder  ohne 
Absicht.  Eine  jede  falsche  Angabe,  die,  vom  AppHkanten  oder 
seinen  Zeugen  gemacht,  in  den  folgenden  fiinf  Jahren  ent- 
deckt  wird,  wiirde  geniigenden  Grund  liefern,  um  den  Biirger- 
schein  fur  nichtig  erklaren  zu  konnen. 

Folgende  Fragen  sollten  vom  AppHkanten  sorgf  altig  durch- 


Wie  werdc  ich  Burger  21 

gelesen  werden,  und  wenn  er  sie  gut  beherrscht,  so  wird  er 
wiirdig  sein,  Burger  zu  werden.  Der  Applikant  soil  die 
Verfassung  und  Unabhangigkeits-Erklarung  der  Vcreinigten 
Staaten  sorgfaltig  durchlesen,  denn  so  wird  er  viele  Fragen 
besser  verstehen  konnen. 

Abteilung  III. 

Fragen,  die  beim  Gcsuch  fur  das  „erste  Papier"  gestellt 

werden. 

Kapitel    VII. 

Auf  jede  der  folgenden  Fragen  muss  der  Applikant  bei  der  Heraus- 
nahme  des  „ersten  Papieres"  mit  ciner  Antwort  vorbereitet  sein. 

Fr.     Wie  alt  sind  Sie  ? 

Fr.     Was  ist  Hire  Beschaftigung? 

Fr.  Wie  ist  Ihre  korperliche  Beschreibung,  Farbe,  Aus- 
sehen,  Grosse,  Gewicht,  die  Farbe  von  Haar  und  den  Augen 
und  andere  sichtbaren  Merkmale? 

Fr.     Wo  und  wann  sind  Sie  geboren  worden? 

Fr.     Wo  wohnen  Sie  jetzt? 

Fr.  Wann  sind  Sie  in  die  Vereinigten  Staaten  von  Ame- 
rika  eingewandert  ? 

Fr.     Von  welchem  Hafen  sind  Sie  abgefahren? 

Fr.     Mit  welchem  Schiff  sind  Sie  gekommen? 

Fr.  Beabsichtigen  Sie  aus  gutem  Glauben  jeder  Treue 
und  Ergebenheit  zu  irgend  einem  auslandischen  Fiirsten, 
Machthaber,  Staatswesen  oder  Souveranitat,  besonders  dem. 
dessen  Untertan  oder  Burger  Sie  jetzt  sind,  zu  entsagen? 

Fr.     In  welchem  Hafen  sind  Sie  gelandet? 

Fr.     An  welchem  Datum  sind  Sie  angekommen? 

Fr.     Sind  Sie  ein  Anarchist? 

Fr.  Betreiben  Sie  Vielweiberei,  oder  glauben  Sie  an  die 
Verwirklichung  derselben  ? 

Fr.  Ist  Ihre  Absicht,  Burger  der  Vereinigten  Staaten  von 
Amerika  zu  werden  und  sich  da  dauernd  niederzulassen,  aus 
gutem  Glauben? 


22  Wie  werde  ich  Burger 

Das  sind  all  die  Fragen,  welche  an  den  Applikanten  bei 
der  Herausnahme  des  „ersten  Papieres"  gerichtet  werden. 
Zeugen  sind  dazu  nicht  notig.  Alle  Fragen  miissen  jedoch 
genau  beantwortet  werden.  Sie  werden  in  seiner  „Absichts- 
Erklarung",  Burger  zu  werden,  eingetragen  und  voni  Appli- 
kanten imterzeichnet  und  beschworen. 

Kapitel    VIIL 

Fragen,  die  beim  ersten  Gesuch  fur  das  „zweite  Papier"  oder 
„letztes  Papier"  gestellt  werden. 

Auf  jede  der  folgenden  Fragen  muss  der  Applikant  mit  einer  genii- 

genden  Antwort  vorbereitet  sein,  wenn  er  um  sein 

„zweites  Papier"  nachsucht. 

Fr.     Wie  heissen  Sie,  Vor-  und  Zunamen? 

Fr.  Wo  wohnen  Sie,  Strasse  und  Nummer,  Stadt,  Staat, 
Territorium  oder  Bezirk? 

Fr.     Was  ist  Ihre  Beschaftigung? 

Fr.     Wann  sind  Sie  geboren,  Tag  und  Jahr? 

Fr.     Wo  sind  Sie  geboren? 

Fr.  Wann  sind  Sie  in  die  Vereinigten  Staaten  eingewan- 
dert,  von  welchem  Hafen  oder  Ort,  Tag  und  Jahr? 

Fr.  In  welchem  Hafen  der  Vereinigten  Staaten  sind  Sie 
gelandet,  mit  welchem  Schiff  und  wann? 

Fr.  Wann  haben  Sie  erklart,  Burger  der  Vereinigten 
Staaten  zu  werden  (das  heisst,  wann  haben  Sie  Ihr  ,,erste3 
Papier"  herausgenommen),  das  Datum,  Stadt  und  bei  welchem 
Gericht  ? 

Fr.     Sind  Sie  verheiratet? 

Fr.     Wie  heisst  Ihre  Frau  mit  vollem  Namen? 

Fr.     Wo  ist  Ihre  Frau  geboren? 

Fr.     Wo  wohnt  Ihre  Frau? 

Fr.     Wie  viele  Kinder  haben  Sie? 

Fr.  Wie  heisst  ein  jedes  von  den  Kinder n.  Datum,  Ge- 
burtsort  und  Wohnort? 

Fr.     Sind  Sie  gegen  ein  geordnetes  Regierungssystem  ? 


Wic  wcrde  ich  BUrgef  ij 

Fr.  Sind  Sie  ein  Mitglied  oder  verbunden  mit  einer  or- 
ganisierten  Korperschaft  von  Personen,  die  Unzufriedenheit 
gegen  die  organisierte  Regierung  lehrt? 

Fr.  Betreiben  Sie  Vielweiberei  oder  glauben  Sie  an  die 
Verwirklichung  derselben  ? 

Fr.  Sind  Sie  den  Prinzipien  der  Vereinigten  Staaten- 
Verf assung  ergeben  ? 

Fr.  1st  es  Hire  Absicht,  Burger  der  Vereinigten  Staaten 
zu  werden  und  sich  vollstandig  und  fiir  immer  jeder  Treue 
iind  Ergebenheit  zu  irgend  einem  auslandischen  Fiirsten, 
Machthaber,  Staat  oder  Souveranitat  und  besonders  dem, 
dessen  Untertan  oder  Burger  Sie  jetzt  sind,  zu  entsagen? 

Fr.  Beabsichtigen  Sie  sich  in  den  Vereinigten  Staaten 
dauernd  niederzulassen  ? 

Fr.     Sprechen  Sie  englisch? 

Fr.  Haben  Sie  wenigstens  eine  Zeit  von  funf  Jahren  un- 
unterbrochen,  bis  unmittelbar  vor  Ihrem  Gesuche  fiir  das 
„zweite  Papier",  in  den  Vereinigten  Staaten  von  Amerika 
gewohnt  ? 

Fr.  Haben  Sie  mindestens  ein  Jahr  in  dem  Staate,  Terri- 
torium  oder  Bezirk  (wo  Sie  um  das  „zweite  Papier"  nach- 
suchten)  gewohnt? 

Fr.  Haben  Sie  je  bevor  bei  einem  Gerichtshof  um  das 
Burgerrecht  nachgesucht?  Wenn  das  der  Fall  ist,  warum 
wurde  Ihr  Gesuch  abgelehnt? 

Alle  vorhergesagten  Fragen  miissen  vom  Applikanten  bei 
seinem  Gesuch  an  das  Gericht  fiir  sein  „zweites  Papier"  beant- 
wortet  werden.  Sie  sind  alle  im  Gesuchs-Formular,  welches 
vom  Applikanten  unterzeichnet  und  beschworen  werden  muss, 
enthalten  und  aufgezahlt.  Manche  der  Fragen  sind  ahnlich 
denen,  die  im  Gesuche  fur  das  „erste  Papier"  enthalten  sind. 
Viel  Sorgfalt  sollte  der  Applikant  bei  der  Beantwortung  der 
Fragen  verwenden ;  besonders  bezuglich  des  Namens  der  Frau, 
der  Zahl  der  Kinder,  ihrer  Namen,  Geburts-  und  Aufenthalts- 
crt.  Denn  jeder  wesentliche  Irrtum  hierbei  wiirde  ein  solches 
Kind  daran  verhindern,  Anspruch  auf  das  Biirgerrecht  der 


24  Wie  werde  ich  Burger 

Vereinigten  Staaten,  auf  Grund  der  Naturalisation  des  Vaters, 
zu  erheben.  (Natiirlich  kann  hier  nur  die  Rede  sein  von  Kin- 
dern,  die  ausserhalb  der  Grenzen  und  Gerichtsbarkeit  der  Ver- 
einigten Staaten  geboren  sind.) 

Kapitel    IX. 

Fragen  an  den  Applikanten  und  seine  Zeugen. 

Fragen,  die  an  den  Applikanten  gestellt  werden. 

Fr.  Wann  haben  Sie  Bekanntschaft  gemacht  mit  Ihren 
Zeugen  und  einem  jeden  von  ihnen? 

Fr.     Wo  haben  Sie  Ihre  Zeugen  kennen  gelernt? 

Fr.  Wie  sind  Sie  mit  Ihren  Zeugen  bekannt  geworden 
und  einem  jeden  von  ihnen? 

(Man  gebe  alle  Umstande  an,  wann,  wo  und  wie  man  den 
Zeugen  in  der  ersten  Zeit  in  den  Vereinigten  Staaten  begeg- 
net  ist.) 

Fr.  Wie  oft  haben  Sie  in  den  vergangenen  fiinf  Jahren 
einen  jeden  von  Ihren  Zeugen  gesehen? 

Fragen,  die  an  die  Zeugen  gestellt  werden. 

Fr.     Wie  heissen  Sie  und  was  ist  Ihre  Beschaftigung? 

Fr.     Wo  wohnen  Sie? 

Fr.  Sind  Sie  Burger  der  Vereinigten  Staaten?  (Die  Zeu- 
gen miissen  Burger  sein.) 

Fr.     Wie  lange  her  kennen  Sie  schon  den  Applikanten? 

Fr.  Haben  Sie  personlich  den  Applikanten  als  einen  Ein- 
wohner  der  Vereinigten  Staaten  fiinf  Jahre,  bis  zum  Datum, 
wo  er  sein  Gesuch  eingereicht  hat,  gekannt,  und  wissen 
Sie,  dass  der  Applikant  mindestens  ein  Jahr  in  dem  Staate 
Oder  Territorium  oder  Bezirk  gewohnt  hat,  wo  er  sein  Gesuch 
hinterlegte?    Sagen  Sie,  wie  lange? 

Fr.  Wann,  wo  und  wie  sind  Sie  zuerst  dem  Applikanten 
begegnet  oder  mit  ihm  bekannt  geworden? 

(Man  gebe  die  Umstande  der  ersten  Begegnung  an;  diese 
muss  inhaltlich  der  Antwort,  die  der  Applikant  auf  eine  ahn- 
liche  Frage  gibt,  entsprechen. ) 


Wie  werde  ich  BUrger  2$ 

Fr.  Wie  oft  haben  Sie  den  Applikanten  seit  Hirer  Be- 
kanntschaft  gesehen? 

Fr.  Wissen  Sie  aus  eigner  Erfahning,  dass  der  Applikant 
eine  Person  sittlichen  Charakters  ist? 

Fr.  Wissen  Sie  aus  eigner  Erfahrung,  dass  der  Appli- 
kant den  Prinzipien  der  Vereinigten  Staaten-Verfassung  erge- 
ben  ist? 

Fr.  Ist  der  Applikant  Ihrer  Ansicht  nach  in  jeder  Bezie- 
hung  wiirdig,  Burger  der  Ver.  Staaten  werden  zu  konnen? 

Die  vorherigen  Fragen  miissen  von  einem  jeden  der  Zeugen 
beantwortet  werden.  Die  Fragen  sind  in  erzahlender  Form  in 
der  beschworenen  Aussage  (affidavit),  welche  von  den  Zeugen 
beschworen  und  unterzeichnet  werden  muss,  enthalten. 

Die  beschworene  Aussage  der  Zeugen  wird  dem  Gesuche 
des  Applikanten  beigelegt,  und  beides  wird  dann  beim  Gerichts- 
schreiber  hinterlegt. 


Neunzig  Tage  miissen  mindestens  vergehen  von  der  Zeit, 
wann  der  Applikant  sein  Gesuch  einreicht  und  mit  den  Zeugen 
wieder  vor  dem  Gericht  erscheinen  muss.  Dann  wird  der  Ap- 
plikant darauf  untersucht,  ob  er  wirklich  wiirdig  ist,  zum  Biir- 
gerrecht  zugelassen  zu  werden.  Der  Applikant  erhalt  Mit- 
teilung  vom  Gerichtsschreiber,  wann  er  mit  seinen  Zeugen  vor 
dem  Gericht  zu  erscheinen  hat.  Die  letzte  Prufung  findet  vor 
einem  Richter  in  offenem  Gerichtshof  statt. 

An  die  Zeugen  werden  tatsachlich  die  oben  angefuhrten 
Fragen  gerichtet. 

Der  Applikant  dagegen  steht  jetzt  vor  seiner  letzten  Prii- 
fung,  wahrend  deren  er  zur  Genugtuung  des  vorsitzfiihrenden 
Richters  beweisen  muss,  dass  er  hinreichende  Kenntnisse  iiber 
die  Verfassung  und  Regierungsformen  der  Vereinigten  Staaten 
und  anderer  Staaten  besitzt.  Dies  wurde  ihn  befahigen,  Bur- 
ger werden  zu  konnen. 

Der  Applikant  sollte  folgende  Fragen  und  Antworten  fleis- 
sig  studieren.  Er  soil  die  Verfassung  und  Unabhangigkeits- 
Erklarung,  die  in  diesem  Buche  enthalten  sind,  lesen  und  mit 


26  Wie  werde  ich  Burger 

den  Fragen  und  Antworten  vergleichen.  Da  es  aber  vorkom- 
men  kann,  dass  manche  Fragen  in  einer  anderen  Form  gestellt 
werden,  ist  es  notig,  dass  der  Applikant  sich  mit  dem  Sinn 
der  hier  angegebenen  Fragen  vertraut  macht.  Dies  wiirde 
ihm  hinreichende  Befahigung  geben,  um  Biirger  werden  zu 
konnen. 

Der  Applikant  soil  ohne  Furcht  sein  und  auf  die  Fragen 
vom  Richter  oder  Bezirksanwalt  freimiitig  antworten.  Denn 
eine  unrichtige  Antwort  wiirde  ihn  nicht  fiir  unwiirdig  erkla- 
ren.  Dem  Richter  ist  nur  daran  gelegen,  zu  wissen,  ob  der 
Applikant  auch  die  Fragen  gelesen  hat ;  in  einem  solchen  Falle 
wird  der  Richter  ihm  zu  Hilfe  kommen,  indem  er  entweder  die 
Fragen  nochmals  wiederholt,  oder  sie  in  einer  anderen  Form 
stellt,  um  den  Applikanten  auf  die  richtige  Antwort  zu  bringen. 

Kapitel    X. 

Fragen,  die  von  den  Gerichten  beim  letzten  Verhor  gestellt 
werden,  und  die  Antworten  dazu. 

Betreffs  der  Einzelheiten  der  Ver.  Staaten-Verfassung,  der  Form 
unserer  National-  und  Staats-Regierung. 

Fr.     Unter  was  fiir  einer  Regierungsform  leben  wir  hier? 

A.  Wir  leben  unter  einer  republikanischen  Regierungs- 
form, mit  anderen  Worten,  unsere  Regierung  ist  eine  Republik. 

Fr.     Was  ist  eine  Republik  ? 

A.  Eine  reprasentative  Regierung,  das  heisst,  eine  Regie- 
rung,  wo  das  Volk  regiert. 

Fr.  Haben  wir  einen  Kaiser,  Konig  oder  einen  sonstigen 
Herrscher  ? 

A.      Nein. 

Fr.     Was  ist  eine  Monarchic? 

A.  Kin  Land,  das  von  einem  Kaiser  oder  Konig  regiert 
wird. 

Fr.  Was  ist  der  Unterschied  zwischen  einer  Republik,  die 
wir  haben,  und  einer  Monarchic  ? 

A.  In  einer  Monarchic  werden  die  Gesetze  vom  Kaiser 
oder  Konig  erlassen,  wahrend  in  unserem  Lande  die  Gesetze 


Wic  wcrdc  ich  Bilrger  27 

\  om  Volk,  durch  erwahlte  Vertreter,  gemacht  werden.  Mit 
anderen  Worten,  in  einer  Monarchic  regiert  der  Konig,  wah- 
rend  in  diesem  Lande  das  Volk  regiert. 

Die  Verfassung. 

Fr.     Was  ist  das  hochste  Gesetz  der  Vereinigten  Staaten? 

A.      Die  Verfassung. 

Fr.     Was  ist  die  Verfassung? 

A.  Sie  ist  das  grundlegende  Gesetz  unseres  Landes,  dem 
sich  alle  anderen  Gesetze  unterordnen  miissen. 

Fr.     Haben  Sie  je  die  Verfassung  gelesen? 

A.      Ja. 

Fr.     Was  ist  der  Sinn  der  Verfassung? 

A.  Um  die  Gerechtigkeit  zu  schiitzen,  gleiches  Recht  fur 
alle  und  die  Segnungen  der  Freiheit  fiir  uns  selbst  und  unsere 
Nachkommen  zu  sichern. 

Fr.     Wer  hat  die  Verfassung  gemacht? 

A.      Die  Vertreter  der  dreizehn  ursprunglichen  Kolonien. 

Fr.  Wann  wurde  die  Verfassung  von  den  Vereinigten 
Staaten  angenommen  ? 

A.  Am  17.  September  1787  in  der  verfassungsmassigen 
Convention  hat  sie  der  Kongress  und  die  anderen  Staaten  an- 
genommen. 

Fr.     Wo  wurde  sie  angenommen? 

A.      In  Philadelphia. 

Fr.     Wie  heissen  die  13  ursprunglichen  Staaten? 

A.  Es  sind :  Maryland,  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts, 
Connecticut,  Pennsylvania,  Virginia,  New  Jersey,  New  York, 
Delaware,  South  Carolina,  North  Carolina,  Georgia,  Rhode 
Island. 

Fr.  Wie  durfen  Aenderungen  in  der  Verfassung  vorge- 
nommen  werden? 

A.  Aenderungen  in  der  Verfassung  miissen  von  einer 
Mehrheit  von  zwei  Dritteln  der  beiden  Hauser  des  Kongresses 
und  von  drei  Vierteln  der  Staaten  der  Union  gutgeheissen  wer- 
den. 


28  Wie  werde  ich  Burger 

Fr.  Sind  in  der  Verfassung  seit  ihrer  ursprunglichen  An- 
nahme  je  Aenderungen  vorgenommen  worden? 

A.      Ja. 

Fr.     Wie  viele  Zusatze  hat  die  Verfassung? 

A.    ■  Fiinf  zehn. 

Fr.  In  wie  viele  Abteilungen  hat  die  Verfassung  die  Re- 
gierung  der  Vereinigten  Staaten  geteilt  ? 

A.      In  drei  Abteilungen. 

Fr.     Welches  sind  die? 

A.      Die  gesetzgebende,  vollziehende  und  die  gerichtliche. 

Fr.  Wer  bildet  die  gesetzgebende  Abteilung  der  Vereinig- 
ten Staaten-Regierung? 

A.      Der  Kongress. 

Fr.     Wer  bildet  die  vollziehende  Abteilung? 

A.      Der  Prasident  und  sein  Kabinett. 

Fr.     Wer  bildet  die  gerichtliche  Abteilung? 

A.      Der  hochste  Gerichtshof  der  Vereinigten  Staaten. 

Fr.  Warum  wurde  die  Regierung  der  Vereinigten  Staaten 
in  drei  Abteilungen  geteilt  ? 

A.  Um  vorzubeugen,  dass  nicht  die  ganze  Regierungsge- 
walt  ein  Mann  oder  eine  Korperschaft  inne  hat.  Deshalb  wurde 
sie  verteilt,  damit  eine  Abteilung  die  andere  in  Schach  halt. 

Kongress   (gesetzgebende   Abteilung). 

Fr.     Wer  macht  die  Gesetze  in  den  Vereinigten  Staaten? 

A.      Der  Kongress  zu  Washington. 

Fr.     Macht  der  Kongress  allein  die  Gesetze? 

A.  Jawohl,  dennoch  miissen  die  Gesetze  mit  der  Unter- 
schrift  des  Prasidenten  versehen  sein. 

Fr.     Woraus  besteht  der  Kongress? 

A.  Der  Kongress  setzt  sich  aus  zwei  Hausern  zusammen : 
dies  sind  der  Senat  und  das  Abgeordnetenhaus. 

Fr.     Wie  viele  Mitglieder  hat  der  Senat? 

A.      Zwei  von  jedem  Staate  der  Union. 

Fr.     Werden  die  Senatoren  direkt  vom  Volk  erwahlt? 

A.      Nein. 


Wie  wcrdc  ich  Burger  39 

Fr.  Wie  werden  die  Vereinigten  Staaten-Senatoren  er- 
nannt  ? 

A.  Die  gesetzgebende  Versammlung  von  jedem  Staat 
(ler  Union  ernennt  zwei  Senatoren. 

Fr.     Auf  wie  lange  Zeit? 

A.  Die  Vereinigten  Staaten-Senatoren  werden  auf  sechs 
Jahre  erwahlt. 

Fr.  Wie  werden  die  Mitglieder  des  Abgeordnetenhauses 
erwahlt? 

A.      Durch  direkte  Abstimmung  vom  Volk. 

Fr.     Auf  wie  lange  Zeit  werden  die  erwahlt? 

A.      Fiir  zwei  Jahre. 

Fr.  Wie  viele  Mitglieder  kann  ein  jeder  Staat  ins  Abge- 
ordnetenhaus  entsenden  ? 

A.  Einen  Vertreter  auf  ungefahr  191,000  Einwohner 
(wenn  ein  Staat  aber  weniger  als  191,000  Einwohner  hat,  ist 
er  dennoch  berechtigt,  einen  Vertreter  in  den  Kongress  zu 
senden). 

Fr.     Wie  sind  die  Kongress-Bezirke  eingeteilt? 

A.  Der  Kongress  erkennt  einem  jeden  Staate  der  Union 
so  viele  Vertreter  zu,  zu  wie  vielen  der  betreffende  Staat  be- 
rechtigt ist,  das  heisst,  der  Bevolkerungszahl  gemass  wird  ein 
jeder  Staat  von  seiner  Legislatur  in  Kongress-Bezirke  einge- 
teilt. 

Fr.     Wie  oft  versammelt  sich  der  Kongress? 

A.  Einmal  im  Jahre,  dem  ersten  Montag  im  Monat 
Dezember. 

Fr.     Worin  besteht  die  Macht  des  Kongresses? 

A.  Um  Steuern  aufzuerlegen,  Geld  auf  der  Vereinigten 
Staaten  Kredit  zu  leihen,  Handelsvertrage  mit  f  remden  Natio- 
nen  abzuschliessen,  eine  einformige  Naturalisations-Ordnung 
zu  bestimmen,  um  Geld  zu  pragen,  Postamter  und  Landstrassen 
zu  errichten,  Krieg  zu  erklaren  und  ein  Heer  auszuheben  und 
zu  unterhaltea 


30  Wie  werde  ich  Burger 

President,  Vizeprasident,   das  Kabinett   (die  vollziehende   Abteilung 

der  Regierung). 

Fr.  Wer  ist  der  hochste  Exekutivbeamte  der  Vereinigten 
Staaten  ? 

A.      Der  Prasident. 

Fr.  Wo  ist  der  Vereinigten  Staaten-Regierung  und  des 
Prasidenten  Sitz? 

A.      Zu  Washington,  Distrikt  Columbia. 

Fr.  Wer  erwahlt  den  Prasidenten  der  Vereinigten 
Staaten  ? 

A.  Das  Volk  durch  indirekte  Wahl,  das  heisst,  das  Volk 
von  einem  jeden  Staate  erwahlt  eine  bestimmte  Anzahl  Wahl- 
manner,  und  die  vom  Volk  erwahlten  Wahlmanner  erwahlen 
den  Prasidenten.  Die  Wahlmanner  werden  unter  den  Staaten 
der  Bevolkerung  gemass  verteilt. 

Fr.     Auf  wie  lange  wird  der  Prasident  erwahlt? 

A.      Auf  vier  Jahre. 

Fr.  Wenn  nun  kein  Kandidat  fur  das  Prasidentenamt  eine 
Mehrheit  der  Stimmen  der  Wahlmanner  erhalt,  wer  erwahlt 
dann  den  Prasidenten? 

A.  Das  Abgeordnetenhaus  erwahlt  in  solch  einem  Falle 
den  Prasidenten. 

Fr.    Was  sind  die  Pflichten  und  die  Macht  des  Prasidenten? 

A.  Er  ist  Oberbefehlshaber  uber  das  Heer  und  die  Marine 
der  Vereinigten  Staaten.  Er  soil  darauf  achten,  dass  die  Ge- 
setze  genau  durchgefuhrt  werden.  Er  kann  Vertrage  abschlies- 
sen,  aber  benotigt  dazu  die  Zustimmung  des  Senats.  Er  er- 
nennt  Gesandte,  andere  offentliche  Beamte  und  Konsuln.  Er 
kann  die  vom  Kongress  gemachten  Gesetze  fiir  ungiiltig  er- 
klaren. 

Fr.     Woriiber  fiihrt  der  Prasident  den  Vorsitz? 

A.  Ueber  sein  Kabinett,  welches  sich  wie  folgt  zusam- 
mensetzt:  Staats-,  Finanz-,  Kriegs-,  Marine-,  des  Innern, 
Landwirtschafts-,  Generalanwalts-,  Hauptpostmeister-,  Han- 
dels-  und  Arbeits-Ministerium. 

Fr.  Wie  werden  die  Gesetze  der  Vereinigten  Staaten  an- 
genommen  ? 


Wic  werde  ich  Burger  3* 

A.  Ein  Gesetzesvorschlag  muss  zuerst  vom  Abg^eordne- 
tenhaus  und  dann  vom  Senat  angenommen  werden;  zuletzt 
muss  es  vom  Prasidenten,  bevor  es  Gesetz  wird,  unterschrie- 
ben  werden. 

Fr.  1st  es  notwendig,  dass  jedes  Gesetz  vom  Prasidenten 
iinterzeichnet  wird? 

A.  Nein;  wenn  ein  Gesetzesvorschlag  zehn  Tage  vom 
Prasidenten  zuriickgehalten  wird,  ohne  ihn  zu  unterschreiben 
noch  fiir  ungiiltig  zu  erklaren,  dann  wird  er  Gesetz  ohne  des 
Prasidenten  Unterschrift. 

Fr.  Wenn  nun  der  Prasident  einem  Gesetzesvorschlag 
seine  Unterschrift  verweigert  oder  denselben  fiir  ungiiltig  er- 
klart,  den  aber  die  beiden  Hauser  des  Kongresses  gutgeheissen 
haben,  namlich  der  Senat  und  das  Abgeordnetenhaus,  kann 
derselbe  noch  immer  ein  Gesetz  werden? 

A.  Jawohl.  Aber  in  einem  solchen  Falle  muss  der  Kon- 
gress  den  Vorschlag  mit  einer  Majoritat  von  zwei  Dritteln  des 
Senats  und  des  Abgeordnetenhauses  durchbringen ;  dann  wird 
er  ohne  die  Unterschrift  des  Prasidenten  ein  Gesetz. 

Fr.  Kann  ein  naturalisierter  Burger  Prasident  der  Ver- 
einigten  Staaten  werden? 

A.  Nein.  Nur  ein  eingeborener  Biirger,  nicht  vor  dem 
35.  Lebensjahre,  kann  Prasident  werden. 

Fr.     Wer  wird  Prasident,  wenn  der  Prasident  stirbt? 

A.  Der  Vizeprasident,  und  im  Falle,  dass  der  Vizepra- 
sident  stirbt,  wird  der  Staatssekretar  Prasident  u.  s.  w.  bis 
auf  das  letzte  Mitglied  des  Prasidenten-Kabinetts. 

Fr.     Wie  wird  der  Vizeprasident  erwahlt? 

A.      In  derselben  Weise  wie  der  Prasident. 

Fr.  Ueber  was  fiir  eine  Korperschaft  fiihrt  der  Vizepra- 
sident den  Vorsitz? 

A.      Ueber  den  Senat  der  Vereinigten  Staaten. 

Fr.  Wer  war  der  erste  Prasident  der  \'ereinigten  Staa- 
ten? 

A.      George  Washington,  von  1789 — 1793. 

Fr.     Wer  ist  jetzt  Prasident? 


32  Wie  werde  ich  Burger 

A.     Woodrow  Wilson. 

Fr.     Kann  eine  hiergeborene  Frau  Prasident  der  Vereinig- 
ten  Staaten  werden? 
A.      Jawohl. 

Ver.  Staaten-Obergericht  und  das  Bundesgericht   (bilden  die  gericht- 
liche  Abteilung  der  Regierung). 

Fr.  Welches  ist  das  hochste  Gericht  in  den  Vereinigten 
Staaten  ? 

A.      Das  Vereingte  Staaten-Obergericht  zu  Washington. 

Fr.  Worin  besteht  die  Pflicht  und  Macht  des  Oberge- 
richts  zu  Washington? 

A.  Um  den  Sinn  der  Verfassung  zu  erklaren  und  auszu- 
legen,  zu  entscheiden,  ob  Gesetze,  die  vom  Kongress  verfiigt 
oder  Staatsgesetze  mit  der  Verfassung  iibereinstimmen  und 
nicht  gegen  den  Sinn  oder  Prinzipien  derselben  sind,  und  je- 
des  Gesetz,  das  mit  der  Verfassung  in  Widerspruch  steht,  fiir 
verfassungswidrig  zu  erklaren,  da  die  Verfassung  unser 
hochstes  Gesetz  ist,  das  unmittelbar  vom  Volk  herkommt. 

Fr.  Wer  ernennt  die  Richter  fiir  das  Vereinigte  Staaten- 
Bundesgericht  ? 

A.  Sie  werden  fiir  lebenslanglich  vom  Prasidenten,  und 
zwar  unter  Zustimmung  und  Gutachten  des  Senats,  ernannt. 

Fr.  Ist  ein  jeder  Burger,  der  eines  Verbrechens  angeklagt 
wird,  zu  einem  Verhor  vor  einem  Schwurgericht  berechtigt? 

A.      Jawohl,  nach  der  Verfassung. 

Fr.     Was  ist  ein  Schwurgericht? 

A.  Zwolf  Manner,  die  vom  Angeklagten  und  vom  Volk 
erwahlt  werden;  sie  horen  die  Aussagen  an,  um  entweder  den 
Angeklagten  freizusprechen  oder  zu  verurteilen. 

Fr.  Was  sind  die  Pflichten  eines  Burgers  der  Vereinigten 
Staaten  ? 

A.  Gehorsam  den  Gesetzen  gegenuber  und  das  Land  in 
Kriegszeiten  zu  verteidigen. 

Fr.  Wie  viele  Sterne  hat  die  Flagge  der  Vereinigten 
Staaten  ? 

A.      Achtundvierzig,  ein  Stern  fiir  einen  jeden  Staat. 


Wie  wcrde  ich  BUrger  33 

Fr.     Wie  viele  Staaten  hat  die  Union? 

A.      Achtundvierzig. 

Fr.     Haben  Sie  die  Unabhangigkcits-Erklarung  gelesen? 

A.      Jawohl. 

Fr.  Von  wann  datiert  die  Unabhangigkcits-Erklarung 
inid  wann  hat  unser  Land  seine  Unabhangigkeit  erklart? 

A.  Am  4.  Juli  1776,  an  diesem  Datum  wurde  sie  im 
Kongress  von  den  Abgeordneten  der  dreizehn  urspriingHchen 
Staaten  unterzeichnet. 

Staats-Gesetze. 

(Die  folgenden  Fragen  haben  zwar  nur  auf  den  Staat  und 
die  Stadt  New  York  Bezug.  Sie  konnen  aber  auch  fiir  einen 
anderen  Staat  gebraucht  werden.) 

Fr.  Konnen  Sie  mir  auch  andere  Gesetze,  ausser  denen, 
die  vom  Kongress  zu  Washington  gemacht  werden,  nennen? 

A.      Ja,  ein  jeder  Staat  hat  seine  eignen  Gesetze. 

Fr.     Wer  macht  die  Gesetze  fiir  einen  jeden  Staat? 

A.  Die  gesetzgebende  Versammlung  eines  jeden  Staates, 
welche  sich  aus  dem  Senat  und  Assembly  zusammensetzt ;  der 
Senat  wird  das  Oberhaus,  die  Assembly  das  Unterhaus  ge- 
nannt. 

Fr.  Wie  werden  die  Mitglieder  des  Senats  und  Assembly 
eines  jeden  Staates  erwahlt? 

A.      Durch  direkte  Abstimmung  vom  Volk. 

Fr.     Wer  ist  das  Haupt  einer  jeden  Staatsregierung  ? 

A.      Der  Gouverneur  von  einem  jeden  Staat. 

Fr.     Wer  erwahlt  den  Gouverneur  eines  jeden  Staates? 

A.     Das  Volk  durch  direkte  Abstimmung. 

Fr.  Worin  besteht  die  Pflicht  und  Macht  eines  Gouver- 
neurs  von  einem  jeden  Staate? 

A.  Dass  die  Staatsgesetze  genau  durchgefuhrt  werden, 
und  die  Gesetzesvorschlage,  welche  von  der  Legislatur  vorge- 
legt  werden,  unterzeichnet  werden.  Wenn  der  Gouverneur  ir- 
gend  einen  Gesetzesvorschlag  fiir  ungiiltig  erklart,  so  kann  der- 
selbe  von  der  Legislatur  nochmals  eingebracht  werden  und, 
wenn  ei  mit  einer  Mehrheit  von  zwei  Dritteln  angenommen 


34  Wic  werde  ich  Burger 

wird,  so  wird  er  ein  Gesetz  ohne  des  Gouverneurs  Unterschrift. 

Fr.     Wer  macht  die  Gesetze  f iir  den  Staat  New  York  ? 

A.  Die  gesetzgebende  Korperschaft  zu  Albany,  die  sich 
aus  dem  Senat  und  Assembly  zusammensetzt. 

Fr.     Wie  viele  Mitglieder  hat  der  Senat  zu  Albany? 

A.  Einundfiinfzig  Mitglieder;  ein  jedcr  Staats-Senator 
wird  auf  zwei  Jahre  erwahlt. 

Fr.     Wie  viele  Mitglieder  hat  die  Assembly  zu  Albany? 

A.  Einhundertundfiinfzig  Mitglieder;  ein  jeder  Assem- 
blyman wird  auf  ein  Jahr  erwahlt. 

Fr.  Auf  wie  lange  Zeit  wird  ein  Gouverneur  vom  Staat 
New  York  erwahlt? 

A.      Auf  zwei  Jahre. 

Fr.     Wie  heisst  die  Hauptstadt  vom  Staat  New  York? 

A.      Albany. 

Fr.     Wer  macht  die  Gesetze  fur  die  Stadt  New  York  ? 

A.      Die  gesetzgebende  Versammlung  zu  Albany. 

Fr.  Was  ist  der  Titel  des  Hauptexekutiv-Beamten  der 
Stadt  New  York? 

A.      Mayor  (Biirgermeister). 

Fr.  Auf  wie  lange  Zeit  wird  der  Mayor  der  Stadt  New 
York  erwahlt? 

A.      Auf  vier  Jahre,  und  zwar  wird  er  vom  Volk  erwahlt. 

Fr.  Kann  der  Mayor  der  Stadt  New  York  ein  Gesetz, 
das  zu  Albany  f  iir  die  Regierung  der  Stadt  New  York  gemacht 
wurde,  fur  ungiiltig  erklaren? 

A.  Ja;  in  einem  solchen  Falle  darf  die  Legislatur  den 
Vorschlag  nochmals  einbringen ;  wird  er  angenommen,  so  wird 
er  ein  Gesetz. 

Fr.     Wissen  Sie,  was  eine  stadtische  Verordnung  ist? 

A.  Ein  Gesetz,  das  Angelegenheiten  und  Geschafte  ord- 
nen  soil,  fiir  welche  die  Legislatur  keine  besonderen  Vor- 
schriften  hat. 

Fr.     Wer  macht  die  stadtischen  Verordnungen  ? 

A.  Der  stadtische  Gemeinderat,  die  Versammlung  der 
Aldermen. 


Ein  gutes  Werk. 

„Zcit  ist  Geld,"  unci  dieses  Sprichvvort  sollte 
man  auch  beim  Erlernen  der  englischen  Sprache 
anwenden.  Leider  wird  auf  diesem  Gebiete  noch 
manch  Einer  Lehrgeld  bezahlen  miissen.  That- 
sache  ist  es,  dass  Leute,  die  mit  grammatisch  ge- 
ordneten  Sprachbiichern  jahrelang  sicli  abplagen, 
trotzdem  im  Sprechen  kaum  welche  Fahigkeit 
besitzen.  Aus  der  Praxis  fiir  die  Praxis  schuf 
nun,  um  dem  Uebelstand  abzuhelfen,  der  Ge- 
neral-Dolmetscher  Dr.  R.  Rosenthal  sein  geniales 
Werk,  betitelt: 

,, System  der  englischen  Sprache, 

zum  Selbstunterricht.** 

Spielend  leicht,  nicht  ermudend,  wirkt  der 
Lehrkursus,  so  dass  man  mit  wenig  Uebung  in 
3  Monaten  Englisch  spricht.  Die  Siegespalme 
des  Erfolges  gehort  daher  unstreitig  dem  Dr. 
Rosenthal'schen  Selbstunterrichts-System,  weil 
jeder  in  die  Lage  versetzt  wird,  billig,  sicher, 
leicht  und  schnell  die  Landessprache  zu  erlernen. 
Die  grossen  Anerkennungen  fast  sammtlicher 
Weltzeitungen,  ebenso  die  uberaus  giinstigen  Kri- 
tiken  derselben  haben  dem  Werk  einen  Weltruf 
gesichert.  Moge  Jeder,  der  die  englische  Sprache 
zu  erlernen  hat,  sich  davon  iiberzeugen. 

Gratis-Prospekt,  sowie  das  Werk  selbst,  sind 
zu  beziehen  durch 

Notar  CHARLES  KALLMEYER 
205  East  45.  Str.     •     -     -     New  York,  N.  Y. 

Fiir  Antwort  und  Zusendung  von   Prospektcn  bittc 
40  Pfcnnige  Riickporto  bcizufugcn. 

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Das 

Dr.  Richard  S.  Rosenthars 

Meisterschafts-System 

ist  durch  eine  grosse  Anzahl  hervorragender  Ge- 
lehrter  aller  Facultaten  gepruft,  sowohl  von 
deutschen,  wie  amerikanischen  Staatsmannern 
bestens  empfohlen  und  von  den  hervorragendsten 
Pressorganen  beider  Welten  auf  das  glanzendste 
recensirt  und  als  unstreitig  beste  Methode  der 
Welt  anerkannt.  Audi  nicht  Beanlagte  oder 
Aeltere,  denen  die  leichte  Fassungsgabe  der  Ju- 
gend  mangelt,  konnen  nach  dieser  Methode  in 
3 — 4  Monaten  fliessend  englisch  sprechen  und 
schreiben  lernen. 

Charles  Kallmeyer  aber  ist  der  Erste  und 
bis  jetzt  Einzige  in  den  Vereinigten  Staaten  von 
Nord-Amerika,  welcher  seit  Jahren  erfolgreich 
nach  dieser  Methode  unterrichtet. 

In  die  Rumpelkammer  mit  alien  veralteten, 
theoretischen,  unpraktischen  Methoden,  hier 
bliiht  des  Lebens  gold'ener  Baum. 

Sprechstunden :  Von  lo  Uhr  Morgens  bis  5 
Uhr  Nachmittags  und  Abends  zwischen  7  und  9 
Uhr  in  meinem  Privatbureau. 

CHARLES   KALLMEYER 

205   EAST  45.   STR. 

NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 


Gesellschaft  fiir  Publicitat 

von 
CHARLES  KALLMEYER 

Bureau:    205   East  45.  Str.,    New  York  City, 

U.  S.  A. 


Wer  die  grosse  Hilfe  der  amerikanischen 
Presse  braucht;  wer  einen  Verschollenen  sucht; 
wer  Land  kaufen  will;  wer  Stellung  sucht;  wer 
Geld  leihen  will;  wer  eine  Erfindung  verkaufen 
will;  wer  seine  Waare  anbieten  will  und  neue 
Markte  sucht,  der  wende  sich  an  obiges  Verof- 
fentlichungs-Bureau.  Es  wird  viel  Geld  damit 
erspart,  denn  es  kommt  darauf  an,  nur  in  den 
Zeitungen  zu  publiciren,  die  dafiir  in  Frage  kom- 
men  und  den  gewiinschten  Erfolg  versprechen 
In  Amerika  und  Canada  existiren  24,345  deut 
sche,  amerikanische  und  canadische  Zeitungen, 
und  wer  unter  diesen  Zeitungen  die  richtige  Aus- 
wahl  treffen  und  sein  Inserat  gut  abfassen  kann, 
wird  Erfolg  erzielen. 


FUr  Auskunft  1  Mark  Ruckporto. 


-9  •••<*  <•'•!••<•  ••ii»  ■  ■  ■  •>••>••••;»  ■■■>•>■  •  ••«;,9,mu;,;,9„9  9  <»  <9  i»«%<  aiit«»<  •<• '••9> 


CHARLES  KALLMEYER  &  CO. 

205  East  45.  Str.,  New  York  City. 


Erbschaften,  Vermogen,  Pensioner!  und  sonstige 
Forderungen 

in  alien  Theilen  der  Welt  eingezogen,  speziell  in 
Deutschland,  Oesterreich,  Ungarn,  Schweiz,  Hol- 
land, Russland  und  Frankreich  u.  s.  w.  auf  die 
schnellste  und  billigste  Art  und  Weise. 

VoUmachten  und  notarielle  Urkunden  jeder  Art 

wie  auch 
Incorporationen,  Adoptionsgesuche,  Testamente, 

Deeds,  Mortgages,  Leases,  Bills  of  Sale, 

Agreements,  etc., 

werden  sachkundigst  und  billigst  ausgefertigt 
und,  wo  notig,  die  konsularische  Beglaubigung 
besorgt ;  auch  U.  S.  Reise-Passe  besorgt. 

J^p*'  Unsere  Notare  sind  beim  Kaiserlich 
Deutschen  Consulat  registrirt,  so  dass  jeder, 
welcher  einen  Brief  oder  ein  Schreiben  aus  der 
alten  Heimath  wegen  einer  Erbschafts-  oder 
sonstigen    Familien-   oder    Rechts-Sache    erhalt, 


die  eine  konsularische  Beglaubigung  notig  ma- 
chen,  sich  den  Gang  nach  dem  betreffenden  Con- 
sulate sparen  kann,  wenn  er  direkt  nach  unserer 
Office  kommt,  von  wo  alles  Weitere  prompt 
erledigt  und  ihm  auch  von  amerikanischen  und 
deutschen  Rechtskundigen  der  beste  Rath  be- 
reitwilligst  ertheilt  wird. 

Durch  unsere  hiesigen  Rechtsbeistande  lassen 
wir  auch 

Surrogat-Gerichtsfalle, 

insbesondere  Erlangung  von  Vormundschafts-, 
Nachlass-  und  Testaments-Papieren  besorgen 
und  iibernehmen  auch  die  Regulirung  von  Hin- 
terlassenschaften  und  Einziehung  von  Erbschaf- 
ten  innerhalb  der  ganzen  Vereinigten  Staaten 
Amerikas  unter  den  bestmoglichen  Bedingungen. 

Ferner  iibernehmen  wir  die  Aemter  eines 
Testaments  -  Vollstreckers,  Vormundes  oder 
Nachlass-Verwalters  in  gewissenhafter  Weise. 

Rath  und  Auskunft  iiber  alle  Rechtssachen, 
namentlich  in  deutschen  Militar-Angelegenhei- 
ten,  wird  ertheilt. 


Fur  Aiukunft  1  Mark  Ruckporto. 


CHARLES  KALLMEYER  &  CO. 

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